Clinical Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
What are the functions of the frontal lobe? (5)
Executive functions, e.g.
Decision making Information processing Personality Social inhibition Language
What are the functions of the parietal lobe? (5)
Language Calculation Visuospatial functions (e.g. 2 point discrimination) Primary motor cortex Primary sensory cortex
What are the 2 most important structures in the parietal lobes?
Precentral/motor gyrus
Postcentral/sensory gyrus
What are the functions of the temporal lobe? (5)
Speech Language Auditory association area Primary auditory cortex Memory
What are the 4 most important structures in the temporal lobes?
Broca’s area (motor speech)
Wernicke’s area (speech comprehension)
Primary auditory cortex
Hippocampus
What are the functions of the occipital lobe? (2)
Primary visual cortex
Visual association areas
What are the 3 most important structures in the occipital lobe?
Primary visual cortex
Lunate sulcus
Calcarine sulcus
How do you test frontal lobe function? (2)
Briefly describe these methods.
Frontal assessment batter (FAB), e.g.
- Conceptualisation
- Mental flexibility
- Programming
- Sensitivity to interference
- Inhibition control
- Environmental autonomy
Clock drawing test
On which side of the brain is Broca’s area usually found?
Left
EXCEPT in left handed people, where it’s often in the right
On which side of the brain is Wernicke’s area usually found?
Dominant hemisphere (which is left in 90%)
Which 2 folds are formed by the dura mater?
Falx cerebrum
Tentorium cerebelli
Where is the insular cortex located?
What are the 2 parts?
What are the functions of each part?
Deep inside the lateral sulcus (between parietal/temporal lobes)
PARTS OF THE INSULAR CORTEX:
Anterior insula
Posterior insula
FUNCTION:
Anterior - affective/cognitive pain perception
Posterior - discriminatory pain perception
How are Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas connected?
Arcuate fasciculus
Draw the visual pathway.
See diagram
