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Clin Med 3 Neuro > Clinical Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Clinical Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

crescent shaped lesion
what is the source?
and the presentation?

A

subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins
subacute course, hx drowsiness, confusion, speech issues

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2
Q

“the crab of death”

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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3
Q

asymmetrical/non-visible ventricles

and why?

A

effacement

mass effect, bleeding

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4
Q

urinary incontinence, neuro deficits, magnetic gait

and treatment?

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

tx shunt

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5
Q

blood supply to the anterior and superior cortex

A

anterior cerebral artery

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6
Q

blood supply to the lateral aspects of the cortex

A

middle cerebral a.

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7
Q

blood supply to the bottom and back aspects of the cortex

A

posterior cerebral a.

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8
Q

the inside of the brain (subcortex) gets most of its blood from (2)

A

anterior & posterior cerebral aa.

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9
Q

personality, behavior, decisions

A

frontal cortex

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10
Q

voluntary movement

A

motor cortex

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11
Q

perception, making sense of the world, arithmetic, spelling

A

parietal cortex

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12
Q

vision

A

occipital cortex

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13
Q

memory, understanding, language

A

temporal

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14
Q

contents of the cavernous sinus (3)

A

all nerves that control EOM
all divisions of CN V except V3
internal carotid a.

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15
Q

issues suggesting a problem in the cavernous sinus? (2)

A

EOM abn

numbness of the top of the face

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16
Q

subcortical stroke presentation

A

paralysis of face, arm, and leg

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17
Q

cortical stroke presentation

A

paralysis of just one area

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18
Q

truncal problems, central ataxia suggests?

A

central cerebellum lesion

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19
Q

extremity problems, ataxia on finger to nose suggests>

A

peripheral lesion of the cerebellum

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20
Q

CN localized to the midbrain?

A

II
III
IV

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21
Q

CN localized to the pons

A

V
VI
VII

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22
Q

CN localized to the medulla

A

VIII (and the pons)

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23
Q

CN localized to the spinal cords

A

IX
X
XI
XII

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24
Q

site of pyramidal decussation

A

lower medulla

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25
Q

crossed signs

A

ipsilateral CN deficits & contralateral body weakness

result from a brainstem lesion

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26
Q

vibration, proprioception

A

posterior columns of the spinal cord

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27
Q

pain, temp

and where does it cross

A

lateral spinothalamic tract

crosses at the level it enters

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28
Q

voluntary movement

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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29
Q

Brown Sequard syndrome

A

loss of pain, temp., light touch on opposite side of lesion

loss of motor function, vibration, position, deep touch of the same side as the cord lesion

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30
Q

central cord syndrome

A

loss of pain and temp bilaterally

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31
Q

anterior cord syndrome

A

paralysis, loss of pain and temp

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32
Q

posterior cord syndrome

A

loss of vibration and proprioception

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33
Q

posterior & lateral cord syndrome

A

paralysis & loss of vibration/proprioception

34
Q

cauda equina defining characteristics

A

more severe pain & weakness

late & less severe bowel & bladder problems

35
Q

conus medullaris defining characteristics

A

less severe pain & weakness

early & severe B&B problems

36
Q

cortex lesion? (4)

A

aphasia
neglect
hemianopia
hemiparesis/hemisensory involving face & arm mostly

37
Q

subcortical structures (internal capsule & basal ganglia) lesion? (2)

A 
dense hemiplegia- face, arm, and leg
abnormal movements (chorea, ballism, tremor, cogwheeling)
38
Q

cerebellar lesions (3)

A

truncal ataxia
limb ataxis
dysmetria

39
Q

brainstem lesions (2)

A

CN palsies

crossed signs

40
Q

spinal cord lesions (4)

A

paraparesis
sensory level
B/B involvement
saddle anesthesia

41
Q

motor neuron lesion (2)

A

no sensory involvement, fasiculations

42
Q

peripheral neuron lesion (5)

A 
distal weakness
sensory involvement
stocking-glove distribution (distal > proximal)
arflexia
hyporeflexia
43
Q

NMJ lesion (3)

A

fatigability
no sensory involvement
normal DTRs

44
Q

muscle lesion (3)

A

proximal weakness
symmetric
no sensory involvement

45
Q

biconvex, lens-like lesion

what vessel causes it?

A

epidural hematoma

middle meningeal a. (fast blood flow)

46
Q

lesion of CN II before the optic chiasm

A

monocular blindness

47
Q

injury to CN II behind the optic chiasm

A

homonymous hemiopia

48
Q

injury to a portion of nerves behind the optic chiasm

A

homonymous quadrantopia

49
Q

lesion of CN II will affect the pupillary reflex how?

A

no pupillary response to light

50
Q

droopy eye indicates?

A

lesion to CN III

51
Q

which nerve is the sensory limb of corneal reflex

A

CN V

52
Q

lack of eyelid closure can indicate

A

CN VII lesion

53
Q

lack of weakness in the upper face can indicate?

A

Bell’s palsy

54
Q

two CN in the pupillary reflex

A

II and III

55
Q

CN in the corneal reflex

A

CN V1 & VII

56
Q

vestibulo-ocular reflex CN

A

VIII, VI, and III

“dolls eyes”

57
Q

dolls eyes CN?

A

VIII
VI
III

58
Q

gag reflex CN

A

IX and X

59
Q

how to detect injury to CN XII

A

tongue will protrude towards lesioned side

60
Q

deltoid innervation

A

C5

61
Q

biceps DTR

A

C5, C6

62
Q

brachioradialis DTR

A

C6

63
Q

triceps DTR

A

C7

64
Q

patellar DTR

A

L4

65
Q

achilles tendon DTR

A

S1

66
Q

L4 innervates (2)

A

quads

knee jerk

67
Q

L5 innervates?

A

dorsiflexion

68
Q

S1 innervates? (2)

A

plantarflexion

ankle jerk

69
Q

spasticity indicates?

A

UMN lesion

70
Q

rigidity indicates

A

basal ganglia lesion

71
Q

Romberg tests for?

A

posterior columns

72
Q

spastic weakness, hyper-reflexia, and positive Babinski indicate

A

UMN (brainstem, tracts)

73
Q

flaccid weakness (decreased tone), hyporeflexia, atropy, fasiculation indicate?

A

LMN weakness

74
Q

face/arm > leg effect is caused by what vessel

A

MCA

75
Q

leg > arm/face effect is caused by what vessel

A

ACA

76
Q

dense unilateral motor or sensory defect

movement disorder

A

subcortical lesion

77
Q

aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia suggest?

A

cortical lesion

78
Q

unsteady/ataxic gait, spastic weakness, hyporeflexia, absent proprioception & vibration up to the knees, positive romberg,
hx alcoholism
(what would it be if he had truncal ataxia?)
3 possibilities?

A

UMN, spinal cord- posterior column involvement
metabolic- Vitamin deficiency
with truncal ataxia: midline degeneration of the cerebellum due to alcoholism

79
Q

upper and motor neuron signs can indicate?

A

ALS

80
Q

degeneration of corticospinal tract as well as lower motor tract

A

ALS

81
Q

inability to maintain upward gaze for 2 min can indicate

A

myasthenia gravis

82
Q

Gower’s sign

A

Muscular dystrophy

Clin Med 3 Neuro (3 decks)

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