Clinical Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Question 1

Planes of Cut

Answer 1

Frontal, Sagittal, Transverse

Question 2

Body Axis

Answer 2

Sagittal, Frontal, Longitudinal

Question 3

Orientation and Location

a) close and far from midline
b) close and far from center of trunk
c) up/down and front/back
d) same side, opposite side, both sides
e) on the layer, under the layer

Answer 3

a) medial and lateral
b) proximal and distal
c) superior and inferior, anterior and posterior
d) ipsilateral, contralateral, bilateral
e) superficial and deep

Question 4

Components of the skeletal system

Answer 4

Bones, cartilages and ligaments

Question 5

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 5

Support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection, leverage

Question 6

Components of the muscular system

Answer 6

muscles, tendons, and motor units

Question 7

Functions of the muscles

Answer 7

produce skeletal movement, maintain posture and position, regulate the opening of bodily orfices
maintains body temperature

Question 8

Types of bones

Answer 8

Long, short, irregular, flat, sesamoid

Question 9

Terms of skeletal morphology
1- foramen
2-fossa
3- facet
4- process
5- tubercle
6- tuberosity
7-condyle
8-epicondyle

Answer 9

1-opening or hole
2- depression in bone
3- small flat articular surface
4- small outgrowth or bone projection
5- round nodule/eminence/outgrowth for articulation or muscle attachment
6- round projection on boney surfaces
7- knuckle (round prominence at end of a bone for articulation
8-round projection above and condyle for ligament/tendon attachment

Question 10

Components of axial skeleton

Answer 10

Skull
Vertebral column
ribs
sternum

Question 11

Components of appendicular skeleton

Answer 11

pectoral girdle
bones of the upper and lower limbs
pelvic girdle

Question 12

components of

• solid joints
• synovial joints

Answer 12

• connective tissue

- articular cavity

Question 13

types of solid joints

Answer 13

• fibrous (gomphosis, syndesmosis, suture)

- cartilagenous (synchodronsis, symphysis)

Question 14

components of synovial joint capsule

Answer 14

• fibrous membrane
• synovial cavity
• synovial membrane
• articular cartilage

Question 15

Components of reinforcing ligaments

Answer 15

• articular discs
• fat pads
• bursae
• tendonous synovial sheaths

Question 16

classification of synovial joints

• uniaxial
• biaxial
• multi-axial

Answer 16

• plane/gliding
• pivot/hinge
• saddle/condyloid
• ball and socket

Question 17

structure of skeletal muscle

Answer 17

acting/myosin - sarcomere - myofibril - muscle fiber - fascicle - skeletal muscle - tendon

Question 18

types of phasic contractions

Answer 18

isometric contraction

isotonic contraction

Question 19

types of isotonic contractions

Answer 19

concentric and eccentric

Question 20

description of muscles pairs

Answer 20

• agonist (primary mover)
• antagonist (resists the agonist movement)
• synergist : helps the agonist muscle

Question 21

two types of attachments’s names

• moveable
• fixed

Answer 21

• insertion

- origin

Question 22

what are

• tendons
• ligaments
• fascia

Answer 22

• tough, flexible, cord-like fibrous connective tissues between the bone and the muscle
• sheet or band of tough, fibrous connective tissue, between two bones
• sheet, band or connective tissue enveloping/separates or binds together structures such as muscles/organs and other soft tissues