Clinical Monitoring Flashcards
This analyzes the cycle of increasing and decreasing SV and systemic arterial BP in response to end-respiratory pressure
SPV: systolic pressure variance
SPV: normal range
Normal delta up:
Normal delta down:
normal range: 7-10 mmHg
up: 2-4 mmHg
down: 5-6 mmHg
** with someone severely dehydrated the delta down is greatest not delta up
Increased SPV = _____ response or have residual preload reserve
volume response
** increaed SPV –> ealry indicator of hypovolemia
This analyzes the maximum and minimum pulse pressure over the entire respiratory cycle
PPV: pulse pressure variance
PPV: pulse pressure viarance
normal range
elevated range
N: < 13-17%
elevated >13-17%
What does a PPV > 13-17% indicate?
positive response to volume expansion
what is the formula for PPV
Maximual difference in arterial pulse pressure divided by average of maximum and minimum pulse pressure
PPV = (PPmax- PPmin)/ [(PPmax + PPmin)/2]
____ computer analysis of arterial pulse pressure waveform. It correlates resistance and compliance based on age and gender
SVV: stroke volume variation
What is the formula for SVV?
SVV= (SV max- SV min)/ SV mean
What is the normal value for SVV?
N: 10-13%
A SVV >10-13% indicates what?
positive response to volume expansion –> give fluids
These factors help predict _____ results:
-mechanical ventilation with Vt of 8-10 mL/kg
-PEEP greater than or equal to 5 mmHg
-normal intra-abdominal pressure
-a closed chest
accurate results
Increased contraction does what to LVEDP
decreased LVEDP
Gas sampling system:
Total response time includes what three things?
transiet time: time for the gas sample to reach the analyzer
rise time: time taken by the analyzer to react tot he change in gas concentration
side-stream responses: dependent on sampling tubing inner diameter, length, and gas sampling rate
-bigger flow with wider diameter (faster)
-longer length the longer it takes to get to the analyzer
_____ _____: conentration determined according to mass/charge ratio
-abduncance of ions at specific mass/charge ratios is determined and rt the fractional composition of gas mixture
-can calculate up to 8 different gases
Mass spectrometry (used commonly)
______ _____ (Raman scattering): high piowered argon laser produces photons that collide with gas molecules in a gas sample
-scattered photons are measured n. a spectrum that inditifes each gas and its concentration
-not in use
Raman Spectroscopy
_____ _____: measurement of energy absorbed from narrow band of wavelengths of IR radiation as it passes through a gas sample (measures concentration of gas)
Infrared analysis
** asymmetric, polyatomic molecules of various gases absorb IR light at specific wavelengths
What is the most common infrared analyzers?
Non-dispersive
Infrared analysis can and cannot measure what?
Can: CO2, nitrous oxide, water, Volatile anesthetic gases
cannot: oxygen
With IR analysis: less light = _____
higher concentration of gas
Water vapor:
Side-stream analyzers report ambient temperature and pressure dry values, so recommendations for analyzers should report results at BTPS.
What does BTPS stand for?
Body temperature pressure saturated
mmHg of water vapor?
47 mmHg
What type of analyzers are fuel/galvanic cell and paramagnetic ?
oxygen analyzers
This oxygen analyzer measures the current priduced when oxygen diffuses across a membrane
-the current is proportional to the partial pressure of the analyzer
fuel cell/Galvanic cell
