clinical manifestations of disease Flashcards
Chronic nasal stuffiness or chronic respiratory correlated with?
sinusitis
Impaired vision or seeing “holes” around light correlated with?
glaucoma
Visual field defects correlated with?
suggest the presence of a lesion of the optic pathway
Sudden, severe, unilateral vision loss correlated with?
suggests the presence of optic neuritis
Headache, fatigue, generalized aches and pains, and night sweats in subjects age 55 yo or older correlated with?
suggest presence of temporal arteritis
Intermittent headaches with high blood pressure correlated with?
pheochromocytoma
Neck stiffness and especially meningismus correlated with?
suggests meningitis
Focal neurologic signs correlated with?
intracranial mass lesion
increased pressure in or around the brain causes the part of the optic nerve inside the eye to swell correlated with?
Papilledema
where is sinus headache pain?
behind forehead, cheekbones
where is cluster headaches pain
in and around one eye
where is tension headache pain?
like a band squeezing the head
what is symptoms of migraine
Pain nausea and visual changes
What are fever values? (rectal,oral,axillary)
100.4(37.8) ,100(37.8) ,99(37.2)
Differential Diagnosis of Fever:
Infectious diseases? (5)
Influenza HIV UTI Infectious mononucleosis Gastroenteritis
Two skin inflammations?
Boils (Furuncle or Carbuncle)
Abscess
Four Immunological diseases?
Lupus erythematosis
Sarcoidosis
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Kawasaki disease
what is Rhabdomyolysis?
breakdown of muscle.
two Metabolic Disorders?
Gout (build up of crystals in a joint)
Porphyria (inherited)
First think to think kids with fever?
urinary tract
Four thinks to consider/order for fever?
CBC (complete blood count)
BMP (Basic metabolic panel) to check electrolytes
Consider blood cultures on temps >102
UA (Urinalysis) to r/o (rule out) uti’s (urinary tract infections) and to check hydration status
four ways a cough can be classified by?
duration, character, quality and timing
Four cough Infections (respiratory tract infections)
Common cold (most common)
Pneumonia
Pertussis
Tuberculosis
Three Reactive airway diseases?
Cough variant asthma Chronic bronchitis (often referred to as smokers cough) Long term fume inhalation
Unexplained cough consider what?
Gastroesophageal reflux
Cough can be side affect of what drugs used to treat diabetics heart disease and hypertension?
ACE Inhibitor
5 Diagnostic approach to cough (tests)?
CBC (complete blood count) H pylori if h/o GERD Sed Rate (inflammation) CXR (Chest xray) Spirometry
Cough treatments?
Often symptomatic
Antibiotics
Corticosteroids
Important patient history that has edema?
Coronary disease
ETOH abuse (alcohol)
Hypertension
Hepatic or renal disease (albumin in blood, low venous pressure)
Medications
check venous pressure -> (high= heart failure)
Unilateral leg edema could be caused by?
DVT -History of long drive or flight History of tobacco use History of birth control use Recent surgery
Work up of edema includes? (6)
CBC (Complete Blood Count) CMP (checks electrolytes and lft’s) TSH (Thyroid) EKG CXR Duplex US (Ultrasound) if concerned about DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)
How much weight loss indicates medical issue?
involuntary 5% over six months
Work up of weight loss? (8)
CBC with differential CMP (Complete Metabolic Panel) TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Hemoglobin A1C UA (Urinalysis) Stool hemoccult ESR and/or C reactive protein Consider CXR
Workup for Vague neurological complaints: (9)
CBC CMP (glucose) TSH UA HgbA1c HCG (if appropriate) CXR EKG Pulse Ox
physical exam for neurological symptoms (6)
Higher functions Cranial nerves Sensory system Motor system Reflexes Cerebellum
Differential Diagnosis of signs of inflammation?
5 cardinal signs (PRISH)
Pain Redness Immobility Swelling Heat
Inflammation work up? (5)
CBC Sed Rate/ c reactive protein CMP UA Plain films
