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Clinical Lab > Clinical Lab Unit 1 > Flashcards

Clinical Lab Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical laboratory science

A

Detects, diagnosis, and treats disease
Collects and processes specimen and performs chemical, biological hematologic, immunologic, microscopic, molecular diagnostic, and microbial testing

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2
Q

ASCP

A

American Society of Clinical Pathologists

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3
Q

Board of Registry (BOR

A

referred to as “medical technologists” with the acronym of “MT (ASCP)”

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4
Q

American Society of Clinical Laboratory Technicians

A

ASCLT

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5
Q

American Society of Medical Technologists

A

ASMT

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6
Q

American Society for Clinical

Laboratory Science

A

ASCLS

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7
Q

National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences

A

NAACLS)

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8
Q

Certified Laboratory Assistant

A

(CLA) – 1 yr. certificate program

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9
Q

Medical Laboratory Technician

A

(MLT) – 2 yr. associate degree program

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10
Q

*Medical Technologist (MT) / Clinical Laboratory Technologist (CLT) / Medical Laboratory
Technologist (MLT)

A

4 yr. bachelor degree program

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11
Q

Medical Laboratory Scientists

A

MLS

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12
Q

Personal ethics

A

based on values or ideals and customs that are held in high regard by an
individual or group of people
Ex: Teachers, Nurses, Doctors, Lawyers

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13
Q

Situational ethics

A

system of ethics by which acts are judged within their contexts instead of by
categorical principles
• Ex: Hospital ethics committee

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14
Q

Laboratory medicine or Clinical pathology

A

medical discipline in which clinical laboratory

science and technology are applied to the care of patients

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15
Q

Lab Medicine

A

Clinical chemistry & urinalysis, hematology including flow cytometry, clinical microbiology, immunology,
molecular diagnostics, and blood banking

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16
Q

Anatomic Pathology, cytology, & histology are

A

part of the overall clinical lab, but usually function

separately

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17
Q

POCT (Point of Care Testing)

A

tests done away from the centralized lab such as a nurse’s

station or patient bedside

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18
Q

Leaders & managers of the lab

A

legal operating regulations have been met & all persons

working in the lab setting are fully aware of compliance with these regulations

19
Q

Lab Departments

A
  • Hematology
  • Hemostasis & Coagulation
  • Urinalysis
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Blood Bank & Transfusion Services
  • Immunology & Serology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Microbiology
20
Q

Hematology

A

Study of blood
2 most common tests
• Prothrombin time (PT)
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

21
Q

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

A

called erythrocytes

22
Q

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

A

called leukocytes

23
Q

Platelets

A

called thrombocytes

24
Q

Clinical Chemistry

A 
Urinalysis
• Screening tests
• Disease of kidney or urinary tract
• Physical (color, clarity, specific gravity)
• Chemical (pH, glucose, ketones, blood)
25
Q

Blood Banking & Transfusion

A

Blood is donated
• Rigorous protocol of testing to ensure safety for transfusion
• Proper sample identification is crucial
• Severe transfusion reaction or Death

26
Q

Molecular Diagnostics

A

Applies the principles of basic molecular biology to the study of human diseases
Reinforces the importance of HOW lab test results are used & emphasizes ethical
considerations and the need for genetic counseling

27
Q

Microbiology

A

Identification of microorganisms that cause disease

• Common bacteria, viruses, fungi, & parasites

28
Q

Specimens for culture

A

swabs from throat or wounds, sputum, vaginal excretions, urine, &
blood

29
Q

Anatomic Pathologist

A

• Licensed physician
• 4-5 years additional training after
graduation
• Examine all surgically removed specimens
from patients (gross & microscopic exam)
• Ex: frozen sections, tissue samples, &
autopsy specimens

30
Q

Clinical Pathologist

A 
Licensed physician
• Additional training in clinical pathology or 
laboratory medicine
• Common lab tests on blood & urine
• Collaboration between physician & lab
31
Q

Lab Supervisor/Manager

A
  • Responsible for the technical aspects of managing the laboratory
  • Must be able to communicate in a clear, concise manner
  • Persons working in the lab
  • Physicians & other health care workers
32
Q

Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA)

A

founded in 1988 to help labs stay in

compliance of CLIA ‘88

33
Q

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

A 
Now known as The 
Joint Commission (TJC) – hospital labs since 1979
34
Q

College of American Pathologists (CAP)

A

What certifying agency or agencies have been granted status to act on behalf of the federal government in matters of laboratory accreditation?

35
Q

Public Health Service Act

A

lab must be licensed under this act in order to receive payments for
services from Medicare or Medicaid

36
Q

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

A

CMS

37
Q

Department of Health and Human Services

A

HHS

38
Q

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

A

CLSI

39
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

A

OSHA

40
Q

Waived Tests

A

Cleared by the FDA for home use
• Employ methodologies that are SIMPLE
Ex: pregnancy tests

41
Q

PPM (Provider-performed Microscopy)

A

specific microscopies (mostly wet mounts) usually performed by the physician or provider for his or her own patients; these tests are a special subcategory of the moderately complex CLIA ‘88 tests

42
Q

Point-of-Care Testing

A

Decentralization of testing away from the traditional laboratory setting
Not always performed by lab staff
• Respiratory therapists, anesthesiologists, or operating room nurse
POCT devices
• Built-in quality control & quality assessment systems
• Prevent erroneous data from being reported to the physician

43
Q

Specimens Blood & urine are the most commonly tests body fluid

A

Blood & urine are the most commonly tests body fluid
• Body tissues
• Synovial fluid
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Peritoneal fluid
• Pericardial fluid
Lab provides information regarding the assay results for the specimens analyzed (meaning
different normal ranges for blood versus spinal fluid)

Clinical Lab (2 decks)

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