Clinical Interview Flashcards
How to assess memory (who to interview, what to ask?)
- Patient and informant
- Open questions
- Note concordance or lack of patient and family
- ask about specific situations (things often forgotten and not affected things )
- Questions about recent events (like news)
- Draw timeline (when and how it started)
- Effects on daily life/work/routines
- mood (depression and anxiety)
- what has happened prior to assessment (sleep, alcohol, drugs)
Assessment of Executive Functions - Skills Grouping
1) task setting/conceptual reasoning
2) Monitoring
3) Inhibition/Energisation skillsets
What does FAST stand for
Face , Arm , Speech , Time
How to assess memory (3 steps)
I. Verbal memory (story recall, paired associations, list learning, word recognition)
II. Visual Memory (Drawing and recall of abstract figures, recall and recognition of photos)
III. Everyday Memory (prospective tasks for semantic memory and associations)
How to assess language
I. Expressive dysphasia
II. Receptive dysphasia
III. Specific classifications based on cognitive models
> measures understanding of grammatical contrast
How to assess perception?
I. Basic visual acuity (sharpness, clarity)
II. Object perception
III. Space perception
How to assess attention? Is it…
I. Sustained
II. Selective
III. Divided (overlapping constructs with working memory and executive functions)
IV. Visual scanning (e.g map search)
V. Unilateral neglect
How to assess executive functions?
I. Initiation and preservation
II. Disinhibition
III. Planning and Sequencing / problem solving
IV. Concrete thinking
V. Insight and awareness
Types of Biomarkers
- diagnostic
- susceptible/risk
- prognostic
- predictive
How many grades does the expanded disability scale for MS have
1 (mild) to 10 (death)
Domains of cognition
- premorbid abilities
- general intellectual functioning
- memory
- language
- visuospatial perception
- attention
- executive functions
- praxis
- mood, behaviour, personality
Elements of motor system examination
- Observation (e.g wasting, abnormal movements)
- Tone&Clonus (e.g spasticity, rigidity)
- Power (MRC grading from 0 no contraction to 5 full power)
- Reflexes (e.g plantar response)
- Coordination (nystagmus , slurred speech, gait,tremor)
- Gait
Sensory system examination
- Observation
- Delineate any sensory loss ( root, nerve other?)
- Light touch
- Pinprick
- Vibration
- Proprioception
Types of seizures
Tonic, clonic, myoclonic, atonic
What’s the Maudsley system for EEG placement /positioning
-Treat each hemisphere independently
- greater level of customisation and precision
