CLINICAL - Historical context of mental illness Flashcards

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1
Q

prehistoric times view of mental illness

A

mental illness was due to the supernatural and an individual being possessed by demons

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2
Q

prehistoric times treatment for mental illness

A

evidence of trepanning where the skull is pierced so there is a hole for spirits to be released from - used to treat seizures, migraines and mental disorders

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3
Q

ancient greek view of mental illness

A

400BC hippocrates proposed bodily humours relate to different personality dimensions
black bile - introversion
yellow bile - impulsiveness
blood - being courageous
phlegm - being calm
mental illness comes from an imbalance of humours

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4
Q

ancient greek treatment for mental illness

A

to restore the body’s balance the greeks used phlebotomies, bloodletting, purging and imposing diets on the afflicted

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5
Q

1880s view of mental illness

A

views shifted to attribute mental illness to psychological factors and freud suggested mental illness was due to unconscious processes

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6
Q

1800s treatment of mental illness

A

talking therapies such as psychoanalysis as pioneered by freud

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7
Q

mid 1900s view of mental illness

A

renewed focus on physical factors leading to medical model focusing on abnormalities of the brain structures

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8
Q

mid 1900s treatment of mental illness

A

physiological treatments
insulin treatments for schizophrenic patients, ECT (electric current passed through brain), lobotomies (removing parts of the brain

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9
Q

statistical infrequency definition

A

behaviour rarely seen in the general population

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10
Q

statistical infrequency strength

A

provides a quantitative measure of abnormality which is therefore objective and can be applied in a reliable way

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11
Q

statistical infrequency limitation

A

the individuals may be perfectly happy and function well in society

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12
Q

statistical infrequency clinical example

A

schizophrenia is only 1% of the population

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13
Q

deviation from the social norm definition

A

behaviour that can be seen as a departure from what one society or culture defines as acceptable

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14
Q

deviation from the social norm strength

A

considers the desirability of the behaviour and is therefore more useful e.g some behaviours may be rare but desirable and so wouldn’t be classes as an illness

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15
Q

deviation from social norm weakness

A

it means that abnormality can’t be considered to be universal due to cultural differences in social norms - the definition is ethnocentric
behaviour may deviate from social norms due to eccentricity rather than abnormality

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16
Q

deviation from social norms clinical example

A

hearing voices may be perceived as abnormal in our culture but in other cultures it could be talking to spirits or ancestors

17
Q

maladaptiveness definition

A

when a person’s way of thinking, emotional responses or behaviour is dangerous or prevents them from functioning well

18
Q

maladaptiveness strength

A

recognises the subjective experience of the individual and whether or not they are suffering consequently it has face validity when trying to diagnose someone with an illness

19
Q

maladaptiveness weakness

A

one person’s behaviour may deviate from the mean but not cause them any difficulty or risk whilst another’s behaviour may also deviate from the norm but cause them problems in functioning

20
Q

maladaptiveness clinical example

A

when panic attacks stop you from leaving the house or obsessively washing your hands leads to persistent lateness to work

21
Q

being labelled as abnormal strengths

A

1.can recieve medical help or psychological help
2. can recieve wider assistance such as benefits from the state if not able to work
3. helps understand own experiences and feelings more by increasing our academic knowledge
4. allows others to understand behaviour and demonstrate empathy

22
Q

being labelled as abnormal weaknesses

A
  1. social sensitivity - can lead to labelling others and they may begin to see their other behaviours as symptomatic of the illness even if it is unrelated
  2. may lose identity - may start seeing self in terms of the diagnosis alone
  3. ethnocentric - not all cultures will have the same definition of abnormality so then may not receive the same treatment or help consistently
23
Q

psychiartists

A

doctors with medical training

24
Q

medical model

A

tries to determine the appropriate treatment for an individual by establishing categories of symptoms that form an identifiable disorder