Clinical Foundations

Question 1

6 person centered therapeutic conditions

Answer 1

o2 people in contact
o1 person (the client) who is incongruent
o1 person (the therapist) who is congruent
oTherapist experiences unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding for the client
oClient perceives the unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding

Question 2

SOLER

Answer 2

S: Face the client Squarely
O: Open posture
L: Lean toward the client 
E: Maintain good Eye contact 
R: Remain Relaxed (EGAN, 2002)

Question 3

Microskill: rephrase what you hear in own words; imp. When addressing affect is premature

Answer 3

paraphrase

Question 4

Microskill: use client’s words; when client’s words need emphasis; an encourager

Answer 4

Restatements

Question 5

Microskill: includes observations of affect and interaction in the session, uncovers hidden message

Answer 5

Reflections

Question 6

reflection of affect without an object: You’re angry.

Answer 6

Level 1- reflection

Question 7

reflection of affect with an object: You’re angry at me.

Answer 7

level 2- Reflection

Question 8

reflection of affect with dual object including self: You’re angry at me, but also with yourself and the lack of power you feel.

Answer 8

Level 3- Reflection

Question 9

Microskill: overview of aspects of a session; brings closure

Answer 9

Summaries

Question 10

What is the theory of personality for person centered?

Answer 10

○Congruence: Real and ideal self/Organismic+ Self-concept (interjected values)
○Level of openness
○Self-actualization- human desire to be best self
○UPR- Loving self
○Conditions of worth: Values; what makes them feel worthy
○Locus of evaluation: External> internal locus of evaluation (Don’t need approval from others)

Question 11

What are the person centered Mechanisms of change?

Answer 11

○Self disclosure
○Therapist acceptance
○Understanding changes within experience of self
○Frees client to explore and accept true self
○Self-discovery leads to commitment to be true self
○As authenticity goes up so does self-regard

Question 12

What are the problem dynamics of person centered?

Answer 12

○Stuck in the “ideal” self
○Fear of the “real” self being exposed
○These are barriers to the experience of feelings
○Denial leads to disorganization and emotional pain

Question 13

ADDRESSING

Answer 13

no shit

Question 14

What are 4 stages of becoming a clinician?

Answer 14

●Unconscious incompetence
●conscious incompetence
●unconscious competence
●conscious competence

Question 15

What countertransference issues can be encountered in therapy?

Answer 15

●Issue specific (things in unconscious that have not been dealt w/ that come up in a session)
●Stimulus specific (reaction to something about that person)
●Trait specific countertransference (habitual ways of reacting, respond to all clients the same)
●Client specific countertransference (respond to how each client is)

Question 16

What are 10 types of questions that are counter-therapeutic?

Answer 16

1. Suggestive
2. Assumptive
3. Pseudoquestion
4. Judgemental
5. Attacking question
6. Controlling or Intrusive
7. Tangential
8. Content Diverse Multiple
9. Closed
10. Shotgunning-series of closed

Question 17

5 Levels of Empathetic Communication

: low level (little or no awareness of feeling).

Answer 17

Level: 1

Question 18

5 Levels of Empathetic Communication: moderately low level (some awareness).

Answer 18

Level: 2

Question 19

5 Levels of Empathetic Communication: reciprocal level of empathic responding (accurate reflection of client’s message reflected at the level in which it was given - paraphrasing with the appropriate feeling word).

Answer 19

Level: 3

Question 20

5 Levels of Empathetic Communication: moderately high level of empathic responding (reflecting not only the accurate feeling but the underlying feeling).

Answer 20

Level: 4

Question 21

5 Levels of Empathetic Communication: high level of empathic responding (accurate reflection of feeling, plus underlying feelings in greater breadth and depth (also for some interpretation such a deep disappointment or long range goals)

Answer 21

Level: 5

Question 22

SOAP Notes

Answer 22

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan

Question 23

Person Centered Case Conceptualization

Answer 23

●Presenting concerns, strengths
●Presenting concerns emerged because internalized conditions of worth have lead clients to disconnect from parts of themselves which results in incongruence and anxiety,
-impaired locus of control,
-thwarted self-actualizing tendency

Question 24

Person Centered Therapeutic Goals

Answer 24

create safe, trusting relationship so that clients will be able to:
○Explore the parts of themselves that they have denied or distorted.
○Recognize and give up the internalized conditions of worth
○Develop an internal locus of evaluation,
○Become more open to experience
○Achieve self-trust.

Question 25

● Given adequate facilitative conditions (____, ___, ____), clients will be able to reconnect with themselves and find their own way

Answer 25

empathy, upr, congruence

Question 26

There is a discrepancy between the clients ______ and _____.

Answer 26

Examines discrepancy between client’s self-concept and ideal self-concept

Question 27

PC is not concerned with with an explanation of ______ .

Answer 27

the origin of the presenting concern

Question 28

The relationship itself, which must include congruence or genuineness, positive regard, and accurate empathetic understanding

Answer 28

Intervention