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Clinical findings Flashcards

1
Q

Lichen planus (histology)

A

Sawtooth-like rete pegs

Liquefactive degeneration of the basal cell layer

Subepithelial band of lymphocytes and histiocytes

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2
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patch or plaque that can’t be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease

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3
Q

Types of leukoplakia

A

Homogenous (smooth or corrugated, thin or thick)

Non-homogenous (more likely to have malignant transformation, can be smooth, speckled, granular or nodular)

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4
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Red lesion that can’t be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease

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5
Q

Squamous papilloma

A

Single warty pedunculated growth or sessile soft tissue growth at any intra-oral site

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6
Q

Squamous papilloma (histology)

A

Finger-like processes of proliferating SS epithelium supported by thin cores of vascular connective tissue showing hyperkeratosis

HPV 2, 6, 11, 57

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7
Q

Verruca vulgaris

A

Occasionally multiple warty pedunculated growths or sessile soft tissue growths at any intra-oral site

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8
Q

Verruca vulgaris (histology)

A

Finger-like processes of proliferating SS epithelium supported by thin cores of vascular connective tissue showing hyperkeratosis

HPV 2, 4

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9
Q

Frictional keratosis

A

White lesion with rough and frayed surface, clearly related with a source of mechanical irritation

Poorly demarcated with diffuse margins

Cheek mucosa, alveolar ridge

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10
Q

Frictional keratosis (histology)

A

Hyperkeratosis
Acanthosis
Keratinocyte oedema
Lack of dysplasia
No/mild inflammatory infiltrate

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11
Q

Linea alba

A

Uniform adherent horizontal white line along occlusal plane on one or both buccal mucosae

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12
Q

Morsicatio buccarum

A

Poorly demarcated white plaque with a shredded appearance of mucosa, with tags of epithelium that peels off

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13
Q

Morsicatio buccarum (histology)

A

Marked hyperparakeratosis
Bacteria colonies on surface
Acanthosis
Keratinocyte oedema
No inflammation

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14
Q

Benign alveolar ridge keratosis

A

Poorly demarcated white plaque of alveolar ridge, retromolar pad

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15
Q

Contact desquamation

A

Painless, stringy white fragments that easily peel off to reveal normal mucosa

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16
Q

Hairy tongue

A

Hyperparakeratotic and hyperplastic filiform papillae, with many bacterial colonies and probably decreased keratin desquamation

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17
Q

Nicotinic stomatitis

A

Palatal mucosa diffusely white with elevated red papules

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18
Q

Nicotinic stomatitis (histology)

A

Hyperkeratosis
Acanthosis
Squamous metaplasia of salivary gland ducts
No dysplasia

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19
Q

Smokeless Tobacco-Induced Keratosis

A

White, granular, wrinkled surface, poorly demarcated

Buccal sulcus, vestibule areas

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20
Q

Leukoedema

A

Soft, diffuse, white, milky appearance of esp buccal mucosa, becoming less clinically evident on stretching

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21
Q

Leukoedema (histology)

A

Acanthosis
Striking keratinocyte oedema
Minimal or no keratosis

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22
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia

A

Asymptomatic, nonremovable white vertical corrugated hyperkeratotic lesion typically on lateral border of tongue

Marker of poor prognosis in HIV+ px

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23
Q

Geographic tongue / benign migratory glossitis

A

Migratory pattern of well-demarcated erythematous, atrophic areas devoid of filiform papillae surrounded by slightly elevated white linear or ring like areas, mainly on dorsum of tongue

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24
Q

Lichen planus

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology with
characteristic relapses and remissions, displaying white reticular lesions (lacelike network of slightly raised gray-white lines), accompanied or not by atrophic, erosive and ulcerative
and/or plaque type areas.
Lesions are frequently bilaterally symmetrical.
Desquamative gingivitis may be a feature

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25
SLE
Lichenoid lesions: discoid, with a central atrophic area and radiating white striae Erythematous lesions on palate Slit-like gingival ulcerations Butterfly rash around mouth
26
Discoid lupus erythematosus
Discoid lesions on buccal mucosa and palate Serpiginous keratotic lesion on lip
27
Retrocuspid papillae
Usually bilateral, asymptomatic, small, moderately firm, smooth, sessile, round, pink-to-red papules on lingual gingiva of mand canines
28
Fordyce granules
Sebaceous glands that present as multiple small yellow papules
29
Bohn nodules
Cyst on junction of hard and soft palate or on vestibular region
30
Epstein pearls
Cyst on midpalatal raphae
31
Dental lamina cysts
Cyst on the crest of the alveolar ridge
32
Eruption cyst
Soft, fluctuant, sessile, dome-shaped, translucent swelling overlying an erupting tooth Can appear blue or blue-black when filled with blood
33
Congenital epulis
Single, firm, smooth, sessile or pedunculated round mass esp found on anterior max alveolar ridge
34
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy
Painless, non-ulcerative, firm, smooth sessile swelling on anterior maxillary alveolar ridge
35
Freckles/ephelis
1-3mm uniformly, tan/brown macules with regularly defined borders on sun-exposed skin, darkening with sunlight
36
Cafe Au Lait pigmentation
Well-circumscribed, uniformly light to dark brown macules that are typically 2-3 shades darker than normal skin colour, occurring anywhere on the body
37
Oral melanocytic macule
Asymptomatic, solitary, well circumscribed, uniformly brown, round or oval lesion, does not darken with sun
38
Primary orofacial HSV
Vesicles that become ulcers and coalesce on attached and unattached oral mucosa
39
Recurrent HSV infection
Lips or vermillion border Vesicles on attached gingiva, rupturing and crusting Burning, tiching, tingling, erythema in prodromal phase
40
Primary VZV infection
Pruritic rash involving face and trunk and later extremities Vesicles on vermillion border of lips, palate, buccal mucosa, gingiva etc that rupture to form ulcers
41
Recurrent VZV infection
Clusters of fluid filled vesicles on erythematous base, ulcerating, coalescing and crusting Keratinized and non-keratinized oral mucosa, extending to midline
42
EBV
NUG Mucosal petechiae
43
HFMD
Multiple small ulcers on labial and buccal mucosa, vestibules, tongue and palate
44
Herpangina
Multiple small ulcers in posterior oral cavity/oropharynx
45
Measles
Koplik's spots: bluish white macules within erythematous mucosa
46
Congenital rubella syndrome
Deafness, heart disease, cataracts triad Small, discrete dark-red papules on soft and/or hard palate
47
Pleomorphic adenoma
Asymptomatic, slow growing, often firm nodular swelling, most commonly on palate
48
Pleomorphic adenoma (histology)
Well defined capsule, can have satellite nodules Ductal, squamous. myxoid, chrondroid, osseous and spindle cell features Myxomatous stroma; hyalinized stroma
49
Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (warthin tumour)
Slow growing, painless mass of parotid gland, tends to occur bilaterally but at different times
50
Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (warthin tumour) histology
Ductal epithelium and lymphoid stroma
51
Mucocele
Sessile, often single, circumscribed soft tissue nodule Maybe compressible, usually asymptomatic and may fluctuate in size Variable colour - blue, white or pink Often lower lip or any other site with minor salivary glands, may have history of known trauma
52
Ranula
Frog belly Floor of mouth at submand or sublingual ducts Circumscribed, fluctuant, usually asymptomatic, persistent, possible known trauma Usually lateral to midline, colour varies with depth
53
SCC
Exo/endophytic, leuko/erythroplakia or mixed, ulcerated
54
Pemphigus vulgaris
Irregular ulcerations on oral mucosa Positive Nikolsky sign Bloody but rarely see blisters
55
Mucous membrane pemphigoid
Oral lesions Involvement of other mucosal sites like eye, skin, pharynx, nasal mucosa Intact bullae/vesicles often noted
56
Erythema multiforme
Target lesions, haemorrhagic crusting of lips
57
SJS
Blisters/lesions on trunk or face <10% total body surface
58
Toxic epidermal necrotic syndrome
Blisters/lesions on trunk or face >30% total body surface
59
Crohn's disease
Diffuse/nodular swelling of oral and perioral tissues, cobblestone appearance Orofacial granulomatosis
60
Ulcerative colitis
Aphthous like ulcers Pyostomatitis vegetans
61
Epidermolysis bullosa
Dental abnormalities like anodontia, enamel hypoplasia Oral ulcerations
62
Fibrous epulis
Pedunculated or sessile firm swelling on gingiva, may be ulcerated and covered by yellow fibrinous exudate
63
Fibrous epulis (histology)
Cellular fibroblastic granulation tissue and interlacing collagen bundles with variable inflammatory cell infiltration, plasma cells and calcifications
64
Pyogenic granuloma
Soft, haemorrhagic deep reddish-purplish swellings, often ulcerated Gingiva, tongue, buccal and labial mucosa As a result of trauma
65
Pyogenic granuloma (histology)
Vascular proliferation, solid sheets of endothelial cells or numerous small vessels and large, thin-walled vascular spaces supported by a delicate and oedematous cellular fibrous stroma infiltrated by mixed inflammatory cells
66
Fibroma
Well-defined smooth sessile or pedunculated swelling of soft to firm consistency
67
Giant cell fibroma
Pedunculated tumour with nodular or papillary surface
68
Lipoma
Well-defined pedunculated/sessile yellowish soft to doughy lump on cheek and tongue
69
Haemangioma
Dark reddish purplish smooth, flat or raised lesion of soft consistency and blanches on pressure
70
Haemangioma (histology)
Vascular spaces lined by endothelium and containing RBCs Thrombosis and calcification not uncommon
71
Fibrosarcoma (histology)
Herring bone pattern composing of anaplastic spindle-shaped nuclei with eosinophilic cytoplasm in delicate collagenous stroma
72
Burkitt's lymphoma (histology)
Sheets of undifferentiated small, round lymphocytic cells from B lymphocytes, with large pale macrophages scattered across lymphoid cells Starry sky pattern
73
Kaposi sarcoma (histology)
Prominent vascular channels lined by atypical endothelial cells and areas of extravasated RBCs with haemosiderin
74
Oral melanocytic naevi
Painless, raised or flat <1cm, palate, gingivae
75
Melanoma
Irregular pigmented lesion Irregular borders, rapid increase in size, satellite lesions
76
Racial pigmentation
Diffuse intra-oral melanosis in dark skinned races, esp in buccal gingivae
77
Smokers melanosis
Diffuse macular melanosis of esp labial gingivae
78
Addison's disease
Diffuse, patchy intraoral pigmentation and bronzing of skin
79
Peutz-Jegher's Syndrome
Multiple focal melanotic brown macules concentrated periorally, also cheek mucosa, fingers, hands
80
Amalgam tattoo
Bluish-black macular lesion
81
Varix
Solitary, soft, compressible, dark blue to violaceous papule on sun-exposed surfaces of vermillion border of lip, face, and tongue, buccal mucosa etc Blanches on pressure
82
Kaposi's sarcoma
Red/purple patches that become nodular/ulcerative/multifocal

Last min OMOPOR (2 decks)

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