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Last min OMOPOR > Clinical findings > Flashcards

Clinical findings Flashcards

1
Q

Lichen planus (histology)

A

Sawtooth-like rete pegs

Liquefactive degeneration of the basal cell layer

Subepithelial band of lymphocytes and histiocytes

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2
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patch or plaque that can’t be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease

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3
Q

Types of leukoplakia

A

Homogenous (smooth or corrugated, thin or thick)

Non-homogenous (more likely to have malignant transformation, can be smooth, speckled, granular or nodular)

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4
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Red lesion that can’t be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease

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5
Q

Squamous papilloma

A

Single warty pedunculated growth or sessile soft tissue growth at any intra-oral site

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6
Q

Squamous papilloma (histology)

A

Finger-like processes of proliferating SS epithelium supported by thin cores of vascular connective tissue showing hyperkeratosis

HPV 2, 6, 11, 57

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7
Q

Verruca vulgaris

A

Occasionally multiple warty pedunculated growths or sessile soft tissue growths at any intra-oral site

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8
Q

Verruca vulgaris (histology)

A

Finger-like processes of proliferating SS epithelium supported by thin cores of vascular connective tissue showing hyperkeratosis

HPV 2, 4

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9
Q

Frictional keratosis

A

White lesion with rough and frayed surface, clearly related with a source of mechanical irritation

Poorly demarcated with diffuse margins

Cheek mucosa, alveolar ridge

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10
Q

Frictional keratosis (histology)

A

Hyperkeratosis
Acanthosis
Keratinocyte oedema
Lack of dysplasia
No/mild inflammatory infiltrate

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11
Q

Linea alba

A

Uniform adherent horizontal white line along occlusal plane on one or both buccal mucosae

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12
Q

Morsicatio buccarum

A

Poorly demarcated white plaque with a shredded appearance of mucosa, with tags of epithelium that peels off

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13
Q

Morsicatio buccarum (histology)

A

Marked hyperparakeratosis
Bacteria colonies on surface
Acanthosis
Keratinocyte oedema
No inflammation

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14
Q

Benign alveolar ridge keratosis

A

Poorly demarcated white plaque of alveolar ridge, retromolar pad

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15
Q

Contact desquamation

A

Painless, stringy white fragments that easily peel off to reveal normal mucosa

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16
Q

Hairy tongue

A

Hyperparakeratotic and hyperplastic filiform papillae, with many bacterial colonies and probably decreased keratin desquamation

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17
Q

Nicotinic stomatitis

A

Palatal mucosa diffusely white with elevated red papules

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18
Q

Nicotinic stomatitis (histology)

A

Hyperkeratosis
Acanthosis
Squamous metaplasia of salivary gland ducts
No dysplasia

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19
Q

Smokeless Tobacco-Induced Keratosis

A

White, granular, wrinkled surface, poorly demarcated

Buccal sulcus, vestibule areas

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20
Q

Leukoedema

A

Soft, diffuse, white, milky appearance of esp buccal mucosa, becoming less clinically evident on stretching

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21
Q

Leukoedema (histology)

A

Acanthosis
Striking keratinocyte oedema
Minimal or no keratosis

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22
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia

A

Asymptomatic, nonremovable white vertical corrugated hyperkeratotic lesion typically on lateral border of tongue

Marker of poor prognosis in HIV+ px

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23
Q

Geographic tongue / benign migratory glossitis

A

Migratory pattern of well-demarcated erythematous, atrophic areas devoid of filiform papillae surrounded by slightly elevated white linear or ring like areas, mainly on dorsum of tongue

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24
Q

Lichen planus

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology with
characteristic relapses and remissions, displaying white reticular lesions (lacelike network of slightly raised gray-white lines), accompanied or not by atrophic, erosive and ulcerative
and/or plaque type areas.
Lesions are frequently bilaterally symmetrical.
Desquamative gingivitis may be a feature

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25
Q

SLE

A

Lichenoid lesions: discoid, with a central atrophic area and radiating white striae

Erythematous lesions on palate

Slit-like gingival ulcerations

Butterfly rash around mouth

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26
Q

Discoid lupus erythematosus

A

Discoid lesions on buccal mucosa and palate

Serpiginous keratotic lesion on lip

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27
Q

Retrocuspid papillae

A

Usually bilateral, asymptomatic, small, moderately firm, smooth, sessile, round, pink-to-red papules on lingual gingiva of mand canines

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28
Q

Fordyce granules

A

Sebaceous glands that present as multiple small yellow papules

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29
Q

Bohn nodules

A

Cyst on junction of hard and soft palate or on vestibular region

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30
Q

Epstein pearls

A

Cyst on midpalatal raphae

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31
Q

Dental lamina cysts

A

Cyst on the crest of the alveolar ridge

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32
Q

Eruption cyst

A

Soft, fluctuant, sessile, dome-shaped, translucent swelling overlying an erupting tooth

Can appear blue or blue-black when filled with blood

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33
Q

Congenital epulis

A

Single, firm, smooth, sessile or pedunculated round mass esp found on anterior max alveolar ridge

34
Q

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy

A

Painless, non-ulcerative, firm, smooth sessile swelling on anterior maxillary alveolar ridge

35
Q

Freckles/ephelis

A

1-3mm uniformly, tan/brown macules with regularly defined borders on sun-exposed skin, darkening with sunlight

36
Q

Cafe Au Lait pigmentation

A

Well-circumscribed, uniformly light to dark brown macules that are typically 2-3 shades darker than normal skin colour, occurring anywhere on the body

37
Q

Oral melanocytic macule

A

Asymptomatic, solitary, well circumscribed, uniformly brown, round or oval lesion, does not darken with sun

38
Q

Primary orofacial HSV

A

Vesicles that become ulcers and coalesce on attached and unattached oral mucosa

39
Q

Recurrent HSV infection

A

Lips or vermillion border
Vesicles on attached gingiva, rupturing and crusting

Burning, tiching, tingling, erythema in prodromal phase

40
Q

Primary VZV infection

A

Pruritic rash involving face and trunk and later extremities

Vesicles on vermillion border of lips, palate, buccal mucosa, gingiva etc that rupture to form ulcers

41
Q

Recurrent VZV infection

A

Clusters of fluid filled vesicles on erythematous base, ulcerating, coalescing and crusting

Keratinized and non-keratinized oral mucosa, extending to midline

42
Q

EBV

A

NUG
Mucosal petechiae

43
Q

HFMD

A

Multiple small ulcers on labial and buccal mucosa, vestibules, tongue and palate

44
Q

Herpangina

A

Multiple small ulcers in posterior oral cavity/oropharynx

45
Q

Measles

A

Koplik’s spots: bluish white macules within erythematous mucosa

46
Q

Congenital rubella syndrome

A

Deafness, heart disease, cataracts triad

Small, discrete dark-red papules on soft and/or hard palate

47
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma

A

Asymptomatic, slow growing, often firm nodular swelling, most commonly on palate

48
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma (histology)

A

Well defined capsule, can have satellite nodules

Ductal, squamous. myxoid, chrondroid, osseous and spindle cell features

Myxomatous stroma; hyalinized stroma

49
Q

Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (warthin tumour)

A

Slow growing, painless mass of parotid gland, tends to occur bilaterally but at different times

50
Q

Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (warthin tumour) histology

A

Ductal epithelium and lymphoid stroma

51
Q

Mucocele

A

Sessile, often single, circumscribed soft tissue nodule

Maybe compressible, usually asymptomatic and may fluctuate in size

Variable colour - blue, white or pink

Often lower lip or any other site with minor salivary glands, may have history of known trauma

52
Q

Ranula

A

Frog belly

Floor of mouth at submand or sublingual ducts

Circumscribed, fluctuant, usually asymptomatic, persistent, possible known trauma

Usually lateral to midline, colour varies with depth

53
Q

SCC

A

Exo/endophytic, leuko/erythroplakia or mixed, ulcerated

54
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A

Irregular ulcerations on oral mucosa
Positive Nikolsky sign
Bloody but rarely see blisters

55
Q

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

A

Oral lesions
Involvement of other mucosal sites like eye, skin, pharynx, nasal mucosa
Intact bullae/vesicles often noted

56
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Target lesions, haemorrhagic crusting of lips

57
Q

SJS

A

Blisters/lesions on trunk or face <10% total body surface

58
Q

Toxic epidermal necrotic syndrome

A

Blisters/lesions on trunk or face >30% total body surface

59
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Diffuse/nodular swelling of oral and perioral tissues, cobblestone appearance

Orofacial granulomatosis

60
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Aphthous like ulcers
Pyostomatitis vegetans

61
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa

A

Dental abnormalities like anodontia, enamel hypoplasia

Oral ulcerations

62
Q

Fibrous epulis

A

Pedunculated or sessile firm swelling on gingiva, may be ulcerated and covered by yellow fibrinous exudate

63
Q

Fibrous epulis (histology)

A

Cellular fibroblastic granulation tissue and interlacing collagen bundles with variable inflammatory cell infiltration, plasma cells and calcifications

64
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

A

Soft, haemorrhagic deep reddish-purplish swellings, often ulcerated

Gingiva, tongue, buccal and labial mucosa

As a result of trauma

65
Q

Pyogenic granuloma (histology)

A

Vascular proliferation, solid sheets of endothelial cells or numerous small vessels and large, thin-walled vascular spaces supported by a delicate and oedematous cellular fibrous stroma infiltrated by mixed inflammatory cells

66
Q

Fibroma

A

Well-defined smooth sessile or pedunculated swelling of soft to firm consistency

67
Q

Giant cell fibroma

A

Pedunculated tumour with nodular or papillary surface

68
Q

Lipoma

A

Well-defined pedunculated/sessile yellowish soft to doughy lump on cheek and tongue

69
Q

Haemangioma

A

Dark reddish purplish smooth, flat or raised lesion of soft consistency and blanches on pressure

70
Q

Haemangioma (histology)

A

Vascular spaces lined by endothelium and containing RBCs
Thrombosis and calcification not uncommon

71
Q

Fibrosarcoma (histology)

A

Herring bone pattern composing of anaplastic spindle-shaped nuclei with eosinophilic cytoplasm in delicate collagenous stroma

72
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma (histology)

A

Sheets of undifferentiated small, round lymphocytic cells from B lymphocytes, with large pale macrophages scattered across lymphoid cells

Starry sky pattern

73
Q

Kaposi sarcoma (histology)

A

Prominent vascular channels lined by atypical endothelial cells and areas of extravasated RBCs with haemosiderin

74
Q

Oral melanocytic naevi

A

Painless, raised or flat <1cm, palate, gingivae

75
Q

Melanoma

A

Irregular pigmented lesion

Irregular borders, rapid increase in size, satellite lesions

76
Q

Racial pigmentation

A

Diffuse intra-oral melanosis in dark skinned races, esp in buccal gingivae

77
Q

Smokers melanosis

A

Diffuse macular melanosis of esp labial gingivae

78
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Diffuse, patchy intraoral pigmentation and bronzing of skin

79
Q

Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome

A

Multiple focal melanotic brown macules concentrated periorally, also cheek mucosa, fingers, hands

80
Q

Amalgam tattoo

A

Bluish-black macular lesion

81
Q

Varix

A

Solitary, soft, compressible, dark blue to violaceous papule on sun-exposed surfaces of vermillion border of lip, face, and tongue, buccal mucosa etc

Blanches on pressure

82
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Red/purple patches that become nodular/ulcerative/multifocal

Last min OMOPOR (2 decks)

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