Clinical Ezymology

Question 1

Diagnostic indicators

Answer 1

Study the blood samples and enzymatic levels. i.e enzymes that represent the activity of specific organ.

Question 2

Enzymes are therapeutic agents

Answer 2

using enzymes as therapeutic drugs.

Question 3

2 Categories of clinical enzymology

Answer 3

Secretory - processes happening in the blood

Intracellular - Not found in the blood e.g lactate dehydrogenase.

Question 4

Prothrombin time

Answer 4

Screening assay to detect deficiencies of 1 or more coagulation factors (blood clotting)

Due to : Hereditary
Vitamin K deficiency
Liver disease
Coagulation factor inhibition
Lupus-like anti coagulant inhibitor
Non specific PT inhibitors (monoclonal, immunoglobulin, fibrin degradation)

Question 5

Blood Clotting

Answer 5

Occurs in 2 ways:
Fibrinogen
Plasminogen

1) Activation of Calcium, makes them unavailable, disabling the cascade.
2) Test by adding calcium, record how quick the response
3) Measure formation of clot by spectroscopy. But unable to define which part of cascade is involved.

Normal clotting time : 0.8-1.2

Question 6

Plasminogen activation

Answer 6

Proteolytic cleavage.

Question 7

Monitoring

Answer 7

ELISA.

Using antibodies that is bound to fluor enzymes. Measuring the fluorescence and plotting a standard curve.

Question 8

2 types of plasminogen deficiencies

Answer 8

Type 1: Associated with pseudomembrane disease especially impaired wound healing/female fertility.