Clinical Epidemiology 4 - Risk: Basic Principles

Question 1

Probability of some untoward event

Answer 1

Risk

Question 2

Characteristics associated with an increased risk of becoming diseased

Answer 2

Risk factors

Question 3

Period between exposure to a risk factor and the first manifestation of disease

Answer 3

Latency Period

Question 4

A risk factor that is not a cause of disease is called a ______

Answer 4

Marker of disease

Question 5

Determining how well a risk prediction tool correctly predicts the proportion of a group who would develop disease

Answer 5

Calibration

Question 6

How to measure calibration of risk prediction tool?

Answer 6

Estimated number to develop disease / observed number who developed disease.

Ratio close to 1.0 means well calibrated

Question 7

The accuracy of a risk prediction tool to identify which individuals will or will not have the disease.

Answer 7

Discrimination

Question 8

This measures how often (in a given pair of random individuals) the risk prediction score was higher for the person with the disease?

Answer 8

Concordance Statistic (C-Statistic)

A useless toss coin-like tool has c-statistic of 0.5
A perfect tool has C-Statistic of 1

Question 9

Best predictor of future major diseases?

Answer 9

Existing minor disease

Question 10

Who noted that increased rate of cholera occured in people drinking water supplied by one source, and that epidemic subsided when said water supply was cut

Answer 10

John Snow