Clinical dyslipidemia (Chaudhry)

Question 1

Pathophysiological consequences of hyperlipidemia

Answer 1

• raises risk for heart disease and stroke
• increases risk for coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial disease

Question 2

Major steps in the development of atherosclerotic plaques

Answer 2

• endothelial injury
• inflammatory response
• macrophage infiltration
• platelet adhesion
• smooth muscle cell proliferation
• extracellular matrix accumulation

Question 3

Clinical guidelines referenced for treatment of dyslipidemias

Question 4

Common signs and symptoms associated w/ the clinical presentation of dyslipidemias

Answer 4

Signs:
* largely asymptomatic
* chest pain
* palpitations, anxiety, sweating, SOB
* difficulty w/ speech or movement

Symptoms:
* pancreatitis
* eruptive xanthomas (acne-like bumps)
* peripheral polyneuropathy
* increased BP
* BMI > 30

Question 5

Lab parameters ordered for evaluation, monitoring, and assessment of dyslipidemia

Answer 5

Fasting lipid panel (FLP)
* TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C (calc using friedewald equation)

Friedewald equation:
* LDL= TC-HDL-(TG/5)

Calculation non-HDL-C
* Non-HDL-C= TC-HDL

Goal:
* TC to HDL ratio of less than 5:1

Question 6

Be able to characterize a patient’s risk profile based on a fasting lipid panel and concurrent disease states

Question 7

Appropriate treatment goals based on individual patient profiles

Question 8

Recommend appropritate therapeutic lifestyle changes for a patient diagnosed with hyperlipidemia

Question 9

Write down (non)pharmacologic treatments & add med specific info to meds in Hockerman lecture