Clinical Dietary Advice Flashcards
What medial and dental disorders can sugar implicate
Overweight and obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Dental caries
What does the eat well plate recommend about fruit and vegetables
At least 5 portions a day
What does the eat well plate say about fibre rich, starchy foods
Increase them, base your meals on starchy foods but choose wholegrain, plenty of bread, rice, potatoes and pasta
What does the eat well plate say about saturated fats
Decrease consumption
What does the eat well plate say about milk and dairy foods
Choose lower fat content
What does the eat well plate say about high fat and sugar
Just a small amount
When are sugary foods and drinks best taken
At meal times
What are the main classifications of sugars
Intrinsic and extrinsic
What are intrinsic sugars
Not inside the cell
What are extrinsic sugars
Inside the cell
eg - raw fruit
Name the different types of extrinsic sugars
Milk sugars Non-milk sugars Fruit juices Recipe sugar Table sugar
Describe the metabolism of glucose and sucrose
They are rapidly metabolised to produce lots of acid, mainly lactic
What does starch breakdown to give
Glucose
Maltose
Limit dextrins
What does the rate of starch breakdown do
Limit glycolytic activity
Describe the metabolism of glucose, maltose and limit dextrins
Slow metabolism, producing less acid mixed types
What is heterofermentation
Slow metabolism
What is homofermentation
Fast
What are the factors that give rise to dental caries
Susceptible tooth surface
Substrate from diet - sugar
Bacteria
Time
What type of teeth and sugar intake are more associated with high levels of caries
High frequency sugar intake and younger teeth
What does a lower plaque pH favour
Demineralisation and acid production
At what time after ingesting sugar has the plaque pH fallen to the minimum value
5 minutes
What does the return to neutral pH depend on after ingesting sugars
Salivary flow rate
Buffering capacity
How can dental caries be managed in children
Give dietary advice
Limit consumption of sugar
No sugar in formula milk
No eating or drinking after brushing at night
Give some examples of intense artificial sweeteners
Aspartame Sucralose Acesulfame K Saccharin Cheap sugar substitutes
