Clinical Correlations- Upper Limb Flashcards
surgical neck radius fracture
axillary nerve endangered
midshaft humerus fracture
radial nerve endangered
dislocation of shoulder
anterior/inferior dislocation
endangers axillary and musculocutaneous nerve
elbow dislocation
fall on outstretched hand
occurs posteriorly
endangers median and ulnar nerves
may be accompanied by fracture
Colle’s fracture
fracture of distal radius, usually from FOOSH
distal fragment is forced proximally and dorsally
scaphoid fracture
most commonly fractured carpal
in anatomic snuff box
can result in avascular necrosis if not caught
rotator cuff muscle most susceptible to injury
supraspinatus
rubbing on acromion and coracoacromial ligament
musculocutaneous nerve compression
weakness of elbow flexion, numbness of lateral forearm
Cubital tunnel syndrome
ulnar nerve compression as it passes through the 2 heads of flexor carpi ulnaris
posterior compartment neuropathy
compression of deep branch of radial nerve as it passes through the supinator
weakened extension of wrist and fingers
tennis elbow
pain over lateral epicondyle
due to overexertion of brachioradialis
Erb’s palsy
upper plexus injury (C5, C6)
head pulled away from shoulder
wrist drop, loss of elbow flexion, supination, hand extensors, lateral sensation
waiters tip deformity
Klumpke’s palsy
lower plexus injury (C8, T1)
muscles of forearm and hand
arm forcefully pulled up and away from shoulder
claw-hand, ring and pinky fingers most affected
weak grasp due to loss of flexion
Saturday night palsy
direct compression of radial nerve onto shaft of humerus
weakened elbow, wrist, finger extension, supination
Wrist drop
forearm extensor muscle affected
radial nerve injury
Median nerve injury
affects wrist and finger flexion, ability to use thumb, index, and middle fingers
Ulnar nerve injury
claw hand
inability to effectively use the ring and little finger
loss of abduction and adduction of 2nd to 5th digits