Clinical Correlations for Lab Med

Question 1

On an EKG what indicates acute MI?

Answer 1

severe chest pain and new q waves

Question 2

What is the screening test for syphilis?

Answer 2

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)

Question 3

The Fluorescent treponeme antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) is a confirmatory test for what disease?

Answer 3

syphilis

Question 4

severe substernal chest pain with radiation into the left arm, present for one hour, is not relieved by nitroglycerin indicates what?

Answer 4

it is consistent with acute MI

Question 5

Smokers often contract _________ which mucus plug the small bronchi and interferes with normal oxygenation of blood

Answer 5

chronic bronchitis

Question 6

what is the prototypic autoimmune disorder?

Answer 6

systemic lupus erthematosus

Question 7

acute leukemia is what?

Answer 7

a neoplastic disorder of hematopoietic cells

Question 8

chemotherapy can cause malignant cells to metabolize into purines which are further metabolized to uric acid which may result in what? how to do you prevent this?

Answer 8

Gout or renal failure; give patient xanthine oxidase inhibitor (Allopurinol) which blocks uric acid formation

Question 9

barbituates do what to the respiratory center?

Answer 9

depress; results in hypoventilation

Question 10

At what saturation in the blood does cyanosis occur?

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

what is the kidney injury which occurs with massive loss of protein in the urine

Answer 11

diffuse membranous glomerulopathy

Question 12

diffuse membranous glomerulopathy results in what in the blood?

Answer 12

hypoalbuminemia and sometimes other large proteins such as antithrombin or clotting factors

Question 13

microcytic, hypochromic RBC’s characterizes what?

Answer 13

fully developed iron deficiency

Question 14

RUQ pain 30 minutes after eating is caused by what?

Answer 14

obstructed gallbladder usually by a gallstone

Question 15

burning urine when urinating and increased frequency of urination are consistent with what?

Answer 15

bacterial infection of the urinary bladder

Question 16

what could a stool guaiac that is positive represent if the patient complains of fatigue and dark stools?

Answer 16

peptic ulcer resulting in anemia due to bleeding associated.

Question 17

A patient has a history of addison disease what is no longer present in the blood?

Answer 17

aldosterone and cortisol due to the destruction of the adrenal cortex

Question 18

if a patient has an inherited error in metabolism which causes no aldosterone to be produced what disease do they have?

Answer 18

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 19

what hormones does small cell carcinoma of the lung secrete? (SCC of the lung is neuroendocrine cell origin)

Answer 19

ADH and ACTH

Question 20

What is the disease associated with decreased calcium, increased phosphorus and increased potassium

Answer 20

chronic renal failure

Question 21

What is the decreased capacity to carry normal amount of oxygen to the tissues because of decreased numbers of RBC’s, amount of hemoglobin or presence of dysfunctional hemoglobin

Answer 21

Anemia