Clinical Correlations Flashcards

1
Q

Hallux Valgus

A

Lateral deviation of big toe due to pressure from footwear or DJD
Surrounding tissue swells and creates a bursa aka bunion and corns over proximal phalanges

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2
Q

Hammer Toe

A

2nd toe has weakened interossei and lumbricals resulting in…
Proximal phalanx permanently hyperextended at MTP joint
Middle phalanx dorsiflexed at PIP joint
Distal phalanx extended
Calluses on dorsal surface

Mallet toe if DIP flexed
Trigger toe if hammer toe symptoms occurs in big toe

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3
Q

Claw Toe

A

Hyperextension MTP

Flexion PIP and DIP

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4
Q

Pes Planus

A

Flat foot from degenerative intrinsic ligaments (loose) or bone deformity (rigid)
Usually medial longitudinal ligament
Causes plantar ligaments and plantar apopneurosis to abnormally stretch
Plantar calcaneonaviular ligament can no longer support talus head-talus head moves inferomedially
Occurs secondary to dysfunction of tibialis posterior

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5
Q

Club Foot

A

All types are congenital deformities
Talipes equinovarus is most common and involves subtalar joint (foot inverted, ankle plantarflexed and forefoot adducted), affect boys more often

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6
Q

Tibial Nerve Entrapment

A

Tibial nerve passes deep to flexor retinaculum between medial mallelous and calcaneus
Becomes entrapped due to edema in posterior synovial sheath of ankle, causing pain

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7
Q

Charcot’s Foot (rocker or boat foot)

A

Peripheral neuropathy (from diabetes) causes bone disorganization, midfoot collapse, loss of foot sensation and fragile bones leading to fractures

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8
Q

Meniscal Tears

A

more common for medial than lateral (due to lateral mobility)
Posterior repaired due to close proximity to blood supply, internal do not repair and require surgery

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9
Q

Unhappy Triad Injury

A

Occur when lateral force to twisted knee and planted foot

Damage to: Tibial collateral ligament, ACL and medial meniscus

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10
Q

Ankle Sprain

A

Most commonly injured joint in the body, inversion injury with twisting of the weight-bearing plantarflexed foot
Anterior talofibular ligament tear most common
Can tear calcanofibular ligament as well

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11
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

fragment of bone torn off by attached ligament

Can break malleolus inferior to ankle joint

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12
Q

Shearing Ankle Injuries

A

Fracture the lateral malleolus at the superior ankle joint

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13
Q

Pott Fracture

A

Dislocation of the ankle occurs when the foot is forcibly everted, tearing off medial malleolus then tear off lateral malleolus then talus

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14
Q

Surgical Amputation of Foot

A

Transection through transverse tarsal joint (talonavicular joint and calcanocuboid joint)

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15
Q

Passive Fallen Arch

A

loose spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament)

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