Clinical Correlations Flashcards
Hallux Valgus
Lateral deviation of big toe due to pressure from footwear or DJD
Surrounding tissue swells and creates a bursa aka bunion and corns over proximal phalanges
Hammer Toe
2nd toe has weakened interossei and lumbricals resulting in…
Proximal phalanx permanently hyperextended at MTP joint
Middle phalanx dorsiflexed at PIP joint
Distal phalanx extended
Calluses on dorsal surface
Mallet toe if DIP flexed
Trigger toe if hammer toe symptoms occurs in big toe
Claw Toe
Hyperextension MTP
Flexion PIP and DIP
Pes Planus
Flat foot from degenerative intrinsic ligaments (loose) or bone deformity (rigid)
Usually medial longitudinal ligament
Causes plantar ligaments and plantar apopneurosis to abnormally stretch
Plantar calcaneonaviular ligament can no longer support talus head-talus head moves inferomedially
Occurs secondary to dysfunction of tibialis posterior
Club Foot
All types are congenital deformities
Talipes equinovarus is most common and involves subtalar joint (foot inverted, ankle plantarflexed and forefoot adducted), affect boys more often
Tibial Nerve Entrapment
Tibial nerve passes deep to flexor retinaculum between medial mallelous and calcaneus
Becomes entrapped due to edema in posterior synovial sheath of ankle, causing pain
Charcot’s Foot (rocker or boat foot)
Peripheral neuropathy (from diabetes) causes bone disorganization, midfoot collapse, loss of foot sensation and fragile bones leading to fractures
Meniscal Tears
more common for medial than lateral (due to lateral mobility)
Posterior repaired due to close proximity to blood supply, internal do not repair and require surgery
Unhappy Triad Injury
Occur when lateral force to twisted knee and planted foot
Damage to: Tibial collateral ligament, ACL and medial meniscus
Ankle Sprain
Most commonly injured joint in the body, inversion injury with twisting of the weight-bearing plantarflexed foot
Anterior talofibular ligament tear most common
Can tear calcanofibular ligament as well
Avulsion Fracture
fragment of bone torn off by attached ligament
Can break malleolus inferior to ankle joint
Shearing Ankle Injuries
Fracture the lateral malleolus at the superior ankle joint
Pott Fracture
Dislocation of the ankle occurs when the foot is forcibly everted, tearing off medial malleolus then tear off lateral malleolus then talus
Surgical Amputation of Foot
Transection through transverse tarsal joint (talonavicular joint and calcanocuboid joint)
Passive Fallen Arch
loose spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament)
