Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block IV > Clinical Correlation > Flashcards

Clinical Correlation Flashcards

1
Q

The subclavian vein puncture is not without complications because a misplacement of a needle can puncture what structure?

A

Apical pleura— producing a pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are important complications if the internal jugular vein needle is displaced?

A

carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the clinical significance of jugular pulse?

A

Can assess the venous presuress and waveform–reflection of the functioning of the right side of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the usual symptom on thyroglossal duct cyst?

A

a midline mass—hyoid bone and entire duct must be surgically removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structures can be ligated or damaged during a thyroidectomy?

A

Recurrent laryngeal and parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Euthyroid is

A

normal thyroxine levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common disorder of the thyroid gland is

A

Multinodular goiter —thyroid hypertrophy and colloid cyst formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What hormone is overstimulated and causes atrophy of thyroid gland?

A

Thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Myxedema is

A

under secretion of thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ectopic parathyroid glands

A

parathyroid glands fail to descend from pharyngeal pouches–high in neck or thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes recurrent laryngeal palsy?

A

Disruption of the recurrent laryngeal nerves anywhere along its path or disruption of the vagus nerve before it splits—can cause hoarseness in patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aortopulmonary window

A

cancer is between the pulmonary artery and aorta– can affect left recurrent laryngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cancer in the apex of the right lung can affect what structure?

A

Right recurrent laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the clinical significance of the cricothyroid ligament/membrane?

A

Gives access to the lower airway when the upper airway is blocked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The external ear (external acoustic meatus) is investigated by what device?

A

Ostoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The middle ear and inner is examined by what device(s)?

A

CT or MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Also known as swimmer’s ear and is a painful infection in the external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is surfer’s ear?

A

most common in ppl who surf—- “bony lump” in the external acoustic meatus, reduces hearing of infected ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is otitis media?

A

common infection of the middle ear which can lead to perforation in tympanic membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is mastoiditis?

A

A secondary infection that spreads from the mucosa lining of the inner ear to the mastoid cells.]

Infection of the bone can spread to middle cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Labyrinth hydrops (edema) or excessive fluid in the endolymphatic sac is associated with what infection of the ear?

A

Meniere’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meniere’s causes what symptoms?

A

Vertigo, roaring noises, or hearing loss, balance loss due to excess fluid pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is acoustic nueroma?

A

That is when there is a tumor on CN 8—vestibular shawnnoma

unilateral hearing

can compress brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Injury to lingual nerve where it meets the chorda tympani will cause a loss of sensation where?

A

anterior two-thirds of tongue, oral mucosa, gingivae, the lower lip, and the chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If there is a lesion distal to site where lingual is joined by chorda tympani then what sensation will be lost?

A

secretion from salivary glands below oral fissure and taste from anterior two thirds of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What can cause extradural hematoma?

A

Blows to the head which damages the meningeal arteries thus causing blood to leak—under arterial pressure—slowly detaches dura mater from its bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why can backflow of anaesthetics occur into tissues or the cranial cavity of the veins of head and neck?

A

there are no valves in the veins—particularly the pterygoid plexus

28
Q

How can infections can spread into the cranial cavity from structures drained by the pterygoid plexus?

A

Through emissary veins which pass through the foramen ovale and through the cartilage that feels the foramen lacerum–medial to the pterygoid process at the base of the skull

29
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

intracranial lesion of facial nerve

30
Q

Extracranial lesion of the facial nerve causes what symptoms`

A

paralysis of facial muscles

happens distal to stylomastoid foramen

31
Q

Frey’s disease

A

due to injury of auriculotemporal nerve of parotid gland—face swelling in the presence (or thinking of) food after a parotidectomy

32
Q

What tumor of the right lung can cause Horner’s syndrome?

A

Pancoast tumor because it involves sympathetic ganglion

33
Q

What nerve is compressed during someone’s course of having mumps?

A

The auriculotemporal nerve

34
Q

Metalic taste in mouth and and dizziness is due to a possible leak of what fluid through the dura mater?

A

CSF

35
Q

Infection of leptomeninges and causes Kernig’s sign is

A

meningitis

36
Q

Blood within the subarachnoid space –intracerebral bleed is due to what? and can be treated by cannulation of what artery?

A

intracerebral aneurysms

femoral artery

37
Q

What type of fracture will show air within the orbit?

A

Medial wall fractures of the orbit

38
Q

Blockage and inflammation of eyelash follicles or sebaceous sweet glands results in what?

A

Stye

39
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Blockage and inflammation of a tarsal gland and is on the inner surface of eye.

40
Q

Drooping of upper eyelid affects what two muscles?

A

Superior tarsal muscle or legatos palpebrae superioris muscle

41
Q

Drooping of lower eyelid and inability to close eyelid is due to loss of innervation of what nerve?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

42
Q

What is Horner”s syndrome caused by?

A

A lesion that leads to the lost of sympathetic function in the head.

43
Q

What are symptoms of Horner’s Syndrome?

A
  • pupillary constriction due to paralysis of dilator papillae muscle
  • partial ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid)
  • absence of sweating to face and neck
  • vasodilatation
44
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Increase of intra-ocular pressure in relation to the aqueous humor.

45
Q

What is cataracts?

A

The lens become opaque or cloudy.

46
Q

What causes the formation of a cleft lip?

A

When the medial nasal prominence and maxillary prominence fail to fuse?

47
Q

What causes cleft palate?

A

When the palatal shelves fail to fuse in the midline .

48
Q

What structure can cause the spread of bacteria to the mastoid air cells.

A

The Eustachian tube (pharyngotympanic tube) because is mucosa lining is continue with that of mastoid antrum of the middle ear.

49
Q

If a patient is asked to track a physician’s finger laterally and then upward, which of the following muscles is being tested?

A

Superior rectus

50
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior part of frontal, parietal and medial portions of temporal lobe?

A

Middle cerebral artery

51
Q

An infection of the infra-temporal fossa could reach the pterygopalatine fossa through which structure?

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure

52
Q

What muscles does the infra-temporal fossa consists of?

A

Muscles of mastication and lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

53
Q

What nerves pass through the infratemporal fossa?

A

Mandibular and it’s branches (auriculotemporal, Buccal, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves)

Chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve)

Otic ganglion (a parasympathetic collection of neuron cell bodies—for parotid gland)

54
Q

What vasculature of the infra-temporal fossa can be the route of which infection?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus which drains the eye and is directly connected to cavernous sinus

55
Q

What nerve passes through the pterygopaltine fossa?

A

The Maxillary branch and its branches (infraorbital, zygomatic, nasopalatine, superior alveolar, pharyngeal and greater and lesser palatine nerves).

And pterygopalatine ganglion

56
Q

The pterygopalatine ganglion consists of what type of fibers?

A

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers that runs with maxillary nerve to supply mucosal and lacrimal glands

57
Q

Where is the maxillary nerve most likely to be approached during an extensive dental surgery

A

Greater palatine fossa

58
Q

The laryngeal muscle most responsible for stretching the vocal ligament is?

A

Cricrothyroid

59
Q

To isolate the function of the superior and inferior rectus muscles, the patient is asked to track the physician’s finger

A

Laterally and up or down

60
Q

After turning the eye inward toward the nose an inability to look downward most lifelike involves which of the following nerves?

A

Trochlear nerve

61
Q

The outermost later of the optic nerve sheath is a continuation of the ______.

A

Meningeal dura

62
Q

Which of the following structures serves as a venous conduit between the facial and and pterygoid plexus of veins to the cavernous sinus?

A

The emissary veins

63
Q

The greater Petrosal nerve (branch of facial nerve) carries what type of fibers and continue as what nerve after it joins the deep petrosal nerve?

A

Carries preganglionic parasympathetic innervation (secretomotor for lacrimal gland) and continues as nerve to pterygoid canal

64
Q

What kind of fibers does the pterygopalatine ganglion has ?

A

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

65
Q

Deep petrosal nerve is a branch of what and carries what type of fibers?

A

Superior cervical plexus and postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Block IV (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions