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CV > Clinical Correlates Anatomy Lab > Flashcards

Clinical Correlates Anatomy Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Exhalation/exhaled rib

A

Moves freely in exhalation and is restricted in inhalation

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2
Q

Inhalation/inhaled rib

A

Moves freely in inhalation and is restricted in exhalation

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3
Q

If pectoralis minor were irritated or shortened, ribs __________ would be pulled _________ and would represent an ___________ somatic dysfunction

A

2-5; superiorly; inhalation

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4
Q

How does lung carcinoma spread?

A

Pulmonary lymphatic system»medially along bronchi»lymphatics along trachea»brachiocephalic or subclavian vv

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5
Q

What can happen as a result of mediastinal nodes swelling adjacent to the aortic arch?

A

Pressure on left recurrent laryngeal nerve»paralyzing left larynx»hoarseness in pt

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6
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Presence of gas/air in pleural space between the visceral and parietal pleura

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7
Q

Where is a foreign object most likely to go if it is inhaled?

A

Right primary bronchus due to its vertical trajectory

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8
Q

What most likely happens if the tracheal tube is inserted past the carina?

A

It will enter the right main bronchus and only the right lung will receive ventilation

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9
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Acute SOB and reduced blood perfusion may be due to a blockage of a portion of the pulmonary a. caused by traveling blood clots (usually from venous system to right side of the heart into pulmonary arteries)

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10
Q

What’s the long-range danger of a pulmonary embolism and what often saves this from happening?

A

Necrosis of the blocked artery causing a pulmonary infarction; bronchial arteries usually saves this due to its supply to the bronchi

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11
Q

Why don’t pulmonary infections like pneumonia spread unchecked?

A

The lobar and segmental organization of the lungs prevent this

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12
Q

What is the parietal and visceral pleura derived from?

A

Mesodermal cells

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13
Q

What are the lungs and trachea derived from?

A

Endoderm (anterior growth of foregut tube)

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14
Q

What is the function of surfactant?

A

Lines the alveoli and prevents collapse of the alveoli

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15
Q

What nerve roots supply the phrenic nerve?

A

C3, C4, C5

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16
Q

Right dominant heart

A

Right coronary artery feeds into posterior interventricular artery

17
Q

Left dominant heart

A

Left coronary artery feeds into posterior interventricular artery

18
Q

Most commonly occluded artery in MI

A

Anterior interventricular branch (LAD)

19
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlarged heart; basis of it is inefficiency (heart attempts to compensate by thickening the walls)

20
Q

What is the problem with the heart compensating in cardiomegaly?

A

The heart enlarges inward as well as outward so you have a reduced volume of blood with each cycle

21
Q

Valve regurgitation

A

AV, pulmonary, and aortic valves can develop gaps that allow regurgitation of blood; Can be detected with a stethoscope based on the turbulence it creates

22
Q

Valve stenosis

A

AV, pulmonary, aortic valves can fail to separate completely, creating an abnormally narrow opening and impeding blood flow

23
Q

Common finding with valve stenosis

A

Enlargement of the chamber that is attempting to push past the stenotic valve

24
Q

If the tricuspid valve (right AV) was stenotic, which chamber would be enlarged?

A

Right atrium

25
Q

If the pulmonary semilunar valve was stenotic, which chamber would be enlarged?

A

Right ventricle

26
Q

If the bicuspid/mitral valve (left AV) was stenotic, which chamber would be enlarged?

A

Left atrium

27
Q

If the aortic semilunar valve was stenotic, which chamber would be enlarged?

A

Left ventricle

28
Q

Which artery is commonly used in coronary artery bypass grafts?

A

Internal thoracic artery

29
Q

Internal thoracic artery (typically left) is used to bypass ______ ______ artery

A

Anterior interventricular (LAD)

30
Q

Fossa ovalis was what embryological structure and shunted blood between what two chambers?

A

Foramen ovale; right and left atrium

31
Q

Ligamentum arteriousum was what embryological structure and shunted blood between which two structures?

A

Ductus arteriosus; pulmonary artery to aortic arch

32
Q

Viscerosomatic reflexes

A

If afferents entering a spinal segment are hyperactive, they can create a facilitated segment (pool of afferent and efferent neurons that are hyperirritable)

33
Q

T1-T4

A

Head and neck

34
Q

T1-T5

A

Heart

35
Q

T2-T7

A

Lungs

36
Q

Anterior vagal trunk comes from…

A

Left vagus nerve

37
Q

Posterior vagal trunk comes from…

A

Right vagus nerve

CV (3 decks)

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