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clinical conditions PT1 > Clinical Conditions II Final > Flashcards

Clinical Conditions II Final Flashcards

1
Q

BPV cupulolithiasis

A

debris attached to the cupula - sitting on top of the cupula
no delay

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2
Q

BPV canalithiasis

A

otoconia are inside the canal and moves the endolymph
debris within long arm
there is a delay

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3
Q

BPV vestibulithiasis

A

debris within the short arm (type 2)

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4
Q

what maneuver will help with nystagmus

A

Epley maneuver/canalith repositioning procedure, rotating in four different directions

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5
Q

Vestibular Neuritis

A

no hearing loss
right-beating nystagmus/ intensity increased w/gaze to the right
caused by viral infection of CN VIII
nausea/vomiting, severe vertigo

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6
Q

treatment of vestibular neuritis

A

medications and vestibular rehab

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7
Q

Labryinthitis

A

viral or bacterial infection of the inner ear
COMPLETE HEARING LOSS - unilateral profound sensorineural
severe vertigo, nausea/vomiting

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8
Q

symptoms of unilateral vestibular deficit

A

increased tone of the contralateral extensor muscles due to inadequate postural muscles
possible oscillopsia
unidirectional nystagmus
chronic= 5 days to 8 years

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9
Q

head impulse test (HIT)

A

rotate the head quickly to one side and the catch up saccade is towards the side of the lesion
use for BPV, unilateral peripheral vestibular deficit

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10
Q

dynamic visual acuity test/dynamic illegible E Test

A

reading while rotating, if they can’t read during rotation but they can when static then it could be BILATERAL but it would be alongside oscillopsia

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11
Q

tests for vestibular tone imbalance

A

spontaneous nystagmus and head shaking nystagmus

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12
Q

postural imbalance tests

A

dynamic gait index

modified clinical test of sensory interaction and balance

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13
Q

Bithermic Caloric Testing

A 
test of lateral SCC and superior vestibular nerve 
cold/warm air or water (more accurate) 
unilateral weakness 
>25% difference b/w sides 
measures of movements
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14
Q

video head impulse test (vHIT)

A

test of lateral and vertical SSCs (all of the canals)

measure movements 5-6 Hz

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15
Q

Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (cVEMP)

A

test for saccule and inferior vestibular nerve function

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16
Q

(oVEMP) ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential

A

test for utricle and superior vestibular nerve
stimulus on C/L side
acoustic stimulus elicits eye movements

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17
Q

Rotary Chair Testing

A

lateral canal test
head is tilted forward 30 degrees to bring it into horizontal position
tests for bilateral vestibular weakness
check for compensation from unilateral vestibular loss

18
Q

platform posturography

A

an objective eval of the vestibular system

19
Q

common cause of bilateral peripheral vestibular deficit

A

toxic exposure to aminoglycosides, loop diuretics IV, IV erthromycin, Quinine, Neoplastics

20
Q

symmetric bilateral peripheral vestibular deficit

A

no vertigo, no nystagmus

21
Q

testing for bilateral peripheral vestibular deficit

A

postural imbalance
look for oscillopsia
dynamic visual acuity

22
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A

episodic, spontaneous
sensorineural hearing loss
possible neuritis
aural fullness

23
Q

long term treatment of Meniere’s

A

diuretics, low sodium diet, beta-histamine
intratympanic steroid/gentamicin
surgery

24
Q

perilymphatic fistula

A

leak of perilymph into the middle ear
most of the time from blast injury/barotrauma
hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, disequilibrium
worse with coughing, nose blowing
presents like meniere’s disease

25
Q

superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCDS)

A 
dizziness, chronic disequilibrium 
pulse-synchronous oscillopsia 
hyperacusis 
low-frequency conductive hearing loss 
pulsatile tinnitus 
brain fog/fatigue 
oculophilia (hear your eyes move)
26
Q

central nystagmus

A 
vertical- up or down beating 
sustained, gaze evoked- nystagmus- inability to maintain stable conjugate eye deviation away from primary position 
central position may mimic benign positional nystagmus 
EYES GO TOWARDS GROUND 
Dysmetria 
ocular tilit 
gait/limb ataxia 
lateropulsion
27
Q

first degree burn appearance

A 
pink or red 
edema 
no blisters 
blanches 
skin/sensation intact
pain is tender
28
Q

first degree superficial burn healing

A

3-5 days through epithelization

29
Q

second degree/superficial partial thickness appearance/pain

A

pink or red, edema, moist with blisters, blanches with quick refill , sensation intact
very painful

30
Q

second degree/superficial partial thickness healing

A

1-2 weeks through epithelization

changes in pigmentation

31
Q

second degree/deep partial thickness appearance, pain

A

pink or ivory, dry with blisters, can feel deep pressure but not light touch, decrease pinprick, hair easily removed, black with a slower refill
pain present but less with more depth

32
Q

second degree/deep partial thickness healing

A

2-3 weeks with epithelization

likely will need graft and scar is likely

33
Q

Third or Fourth degree/full thickness appearance/pain

A

white, red, brown or black
dry with possible blisters, no blanching, no sensation
no pain

34
Q

Third or fourth degree/full thickness healing

A

> 3 weeks with granulation and epithelization, usually requires surgery

35
Q

First degree burn injuries the _____

A

epidermis

36
Q

partial thickness/second degree superficial injures the

A

dermis

37
Q

partial thickness/second degree deep injures which layer?

A

dermis with hair follicles and sweat glands intact

38
Q

full thickness third degree burn injures the ____

A

entire dermis

39
Q

Full thickness/fourth degree injures ______

A

all the layers plus the muscle and bone

40
Q

zone of coagulation

A

occurs at the point of maximum damage/ damage is irreversible tissue loss due to coagulation of the constituent proteins

41
Q

zone of stasis

A

characterized by decreased tissue perfusion
damage is potentially salvageable
main aim of burns resuscitation is to increase tissue perfusion here and prevent any damage becoming irreversible
zone can be converted into complete tissue loss

42
Q

zone of hyperemia

A

outermost zone tissue perfusion is increased
tissue will recover unless there is severe sepsis or prolonged hypoperfusion
these three zones of a burn are three dimensional and loss of tissue in the zone of stasis will lead to the wound developing as well as widening

clinical conditions PT1 (2 decks)

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