Clinical Clues --- damage

Question 1

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of lateral arm
Root level:
Motor weakness:
Reflex loss:
Common cause:

Answer 1

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of lateral arm
Root level:C5
Motor weakness: abduction & external rotation of shoulder
Reflex loss: None
Common cause: C4-5 disc/ foraminal encroachment

Question 2

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of lateral arm; near thumb
Root level:
Motor weakness:
Reflex loss:
Common cause:

Answer 2

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of lateral arm; near thumb
Root level: C6
Motor weakness: elbow flexion; wrist extension?
Reflex loss: Biceps reflex
Common cause: C5-6 disc/foraminal encroachment

Question 3

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of middle digit
Root level:
Motor weakness:
Reflex loss:
Common cause:

Answer 3

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of middle digit
Root level: C7
Motor weakness: elbow extension; finger extension
Reflex loss: triceps reflex
Common cause: C6-7 disc/foraminal encroachment

Question 4

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of ulnar digit (hand)
Root level:
Motor weakness:
Reflex loss:
Common cause:

Answer 4

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of ulnar digit (hand)
Root level: C8
Motor weakness: finger ad- & abduction
Reflex loss: None (? finger flexion reflex)
Common cause: C8-T1 disc/foraminal encroachment

Question 5

Sensory loss in autonomous zone below medial knee toward ankle
Root level:
Motor weakness:
Reflex loss:
Common cause:

Answer 5

Sensory loss in autonomous zone below medial knee toward ankle
Root level: L4
Motor weakness: knee extension
Reflex loss: patellar
Common cause: L3-4 disc herniation

Question 6

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of dorsal foot toward great toe
Root level:
Motor weakness:
Reflex loss:
Common cause:

Answer 6

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of dorsal foot toward great toe
Root level: L5
Motor weakness: Foot and great toe dorsiflexion; ankle inversion/ eversion
Reflex loss: None
Common cause: L4-5 disc herniation

Question 7

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of lateral heel toward small toe
Root level:
Motor weakness:
Reflex loss:
Common cause:

Answer 7

Sensory loss in autonomous zone of lateral heel toward small toe
Root level: S1
Motor weakness:foot and great toe plantar flexion
Reflex loss: ankle jerk
Common cause: L5-S1 disc herniation

Question 8

What is an elementary sensory defect?

Answer 8

ELEMENTARY SENSORY DEFECT

Clinical: sensory loss (may cause ataxia), hypesthesia, paresthesia pain

Physiology: transduction

Parts: sensory receptors

Question 9

What is a sensory/ motor defect?

Answer 9

SENSORY/ MOTOR DEFECT

Clinical: Sensory loss/ weakness

Physiology: conduction

Parts: nerve fibers

Question 10

What is a simple motor defect?

Answer 10

SIMPLE MOTOR DEFECT

Clinical: weakenss, wasting, muscle twitching, cramps, myotonia

Physiology: neuromuscular transmission

Parts: motor-end plates

Question 11

What is a motor defect?

Answer 11

MOTOR DEFECT

Clinical: weakenss, wasting, occasionally pseudohypertrophy

Physiology: contraction

Parts: striated muscle fibers

pseudohypertrophy: falsely hypertrophic; specifically : being a form of muscular dystrophy in which the musclesbecome swollen with deposits of fat and fibrous tissue