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Clinical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Urea:creatinine ratio (Normal)

A

10-20:1

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2
Q

Triple test for Down Syndrome

A

BAE ❤️

Beta-hcg ⬆️
AFP⬇️
Estriol⬇️

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3
Q

Quadruple test for Down Syndrome

A

⬆️Inhibin A, ⬆️Beta hCG, ⬇️AFP, ⬇️Estriol

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4
Q

Most commonly used venipuncture needles? (Length)

A

1-1.5inch (2.54cm-3.81cm)

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5
Q

Sample blank corrects for the absorbance interference caused by:

A

Bilirubin- imparts color to specimen

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6
Q

Substrate for lipase assay

A

Olive oil or Triolein

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7
Q

Substrate used for Bower’s and McComb in ALP

A

P-nitrophenyl phosphate

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8
Q

Floating betalipoprotein

A

Beta-VLDL

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9
Q

Sinking pre-beta lipoprotein

A

Lp(a)

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10
Q

Effect of ECG in Potassium

A

Alters potassium-Hyperkalemia

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11
Q

Detection limit of beta hCG in Serum

A. 1-2mIU/mL
B. 5-10mIU/mL
C. 10-20mIU/mL
D. 20mIU/mL

A

A. 1-2mIU/mL

20mIU/mL detection limit for URINE

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12
Q

Neonatal Thyroid Screening detects:

A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism

A

B. Hypothyroidism

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13
Q

SYNTHETIC function of Liver

A. Protein, Carbohydrates Lipids
B. Clotting Factors
C. Enzymes
D. Ketones
E. A and C only
F. All of the above
A

F. All

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14
Q

Trisomy 18

A

Edward’s syndrome

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15
Q

Analyte used to determine dehydration

A. Albumin
B. Creatinine
C. Hematocrit
D. A and C
E. All of the above
A

D. A and C

⬆️albumin (total protein)-lack of dilution in blood
⬆️hematocrit- relative polycythemia

Creatinine is NOT affected- produced in fixed rate

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16
Q

Quality Control that involves the analyses of control sample together with patient’s specimen

A. Internal QC
B. Intralab QC
C. External QC
D. A and B
E. All of the above
A

D. Internal or Intralab QC

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17
Q

DELTA CHECK refers to:

A. Checking for properly labeled specimen
B. Checking for proper patient identification
C. Comparison of patient’s previous result for discrepancy
D. A and B

A

C. Comparison of patient’s previous result for discrepancy

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18
Q

Analytes that are Increased in Alcoholism

A. GGT
B. Triglycerides
C. Urates
D. A and B
E. All of the above
A

E. All of the above

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19
Q

Which anticoagulant has EDTA?

A. Pink
B. Purple
C. Tan
D. White
E. All of the above
F. And B only
A

E. All of the above

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20
Q

DM is diagnostic in Random Glucose.

A. True
B. False

A

A. True (250mg/dL of random blood glucose: symptoms)

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21
Q

Most common Glycogen Storage Disease

A

Von-gierke Type a1

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22
Q

Beta gamma bridge is seen in _______

A

Hepatic cirrhosis

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23
Q

Analyte tested for hepatic failure

A

Ammonia

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24
Q

Conditions asscoiated with LD Flipped Pattern (LD1>LD2)

A

Myocardial Infarction
Renal infarction
Hemolytic anemia

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25
Q

First enzyme to increase in Myocardial Infarction

A

CK-MB

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26
Q

Firct CARDIAC MARKER to increase in MI

A

Myoglobin

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27
Q

Most specific marker for MI

A

Cardiac Troponin

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28
Q

Primary Hyperthyroidism

A. ⬇️TSH ⬆️T3 T4
B. ⬆️TSH ⬇️T3 T4

A

A. ⬇️TSH ⬆️T3 T4

Secondary Hyperthyroidism ⬆️TSH ⬇️FT4

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29
Q

Visible light spectrum (nanometer)

A

400-700nm

30
Q

Reference Method for Lipoprotein Analysis

A

ULTRACENTRIFUGATION

31
Q

Unit used for ethanol impairment

A. %w/v
B. mg/dL
C. mmol/L
D. All of the above

A

D. All

32
Q

Amount of blood in a person

A

5-6 Liters

33
Q

Greatest increase in LDH is seen in

A

Pernicious Anemia

34
Q

Enzyme with increase activity at LOW TEMPERATURE

A

ALP

35
Q

Preferred sample for Electrolytes

A. Lithium Heparin
B. Sodium Heparin
C. EDTA
D. Citrate
E. None
A

A. Lithium Heparin (no green line on label)

Sodium Heparin NOT for electrolytes (with green lines)

36
Q

Main cause of Trend?

A

Deteriorating reagent

37
Q

Main cause of shift

A

Improper calibration of instrument

38
Q

Color of the container for Sharps

A

Red

Dry non infectious-black
Wet non infectious-green
Wet infectious-yellow
Radioactive-orange

39
Q

Use for cleansing puncture site

A. 70% alcohol
B. Gauze
C. Zephiran
D. A and B
E. All
A

E. All

40
Q

Whole blood glucose is ________ than serum glucose

A. 24mg/dL higher
B. 12mg/dL higher
C. 24mg/dL lower
D. 12mg/dL lower

A

D. 12mg/dL (10-15%) LOWER

41
Q

Sodium will _______ in Diabetic Individual.

A. Increase
B. Decrease

A

Decrease

An increase in glucose in DM px can cause INCREASE osmolality
For every 100mg/dL increase glucose serum sodium will decrease by 1.6mmol/L

42
Q

In hyperthyroidism; T3 and T3 uptake are ______

A. Increase
B. Decrease

A

A. Increase

43
Q

Test used to assess conflicting thyroid result

A

Reverse T3

44
Q

Reverse T3 is formed from the deionization of T4 in:

A. Blood
B. Thyroid
C. Hypothalamus

A

A. Blood

45
Q

Test for detoxifying function

A

Ammonia

46
Q

SI unit for Creatinine

A

umol/L

47
Q

Conversion factor of creatinine

A

88.4

48
Q

Conversion factor of bilirubin

A

17.1

49
Q

Lipoprotein of lowest density

A

Chylomicrons

50
Q

Plasma electrophoresis is done at a pH of

A. 7.4
B. 8.0
C. 8.6
D. 6.8

A

C. 8.6

Electrophoresis is usually done at alkaline pH of 8.6. Proteins at this pH tend to become negatively charge and thus migrate towards the anode

51
Q

Indicator used in chloride titrimetric determination

A

Diphenyl carbazone

52
Q

Serum lipase is most stable at

A. 10degreesC
B. 20degreesC
C. -10degreesC
D.4degreesC

A

C. 4 degrees C

53
Q

Importance of measuring urea is in its value an indicator of:

A. Liver function
B. Decarboxylation
C. Kidney function
D. Thyroid function

A

Kidney Function

54
Q

Most labile enzyme at low temperature

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

55
Q

Glutamate oxaloacetate is now called:

A

Aspartate aminotransferase

56
Q

In electrophoresis, the fraction of protein that migrates fastest is:

A. Alpha globulin
B. Beta globulin
C. Gamma globulin
D. Albumin

A

D. Albumin

57
Q

Amylase activity can be assayed by measurement of the disappearance of starch, in this method, the indicator is:

A

Iodine

58
Q

According to beer’s law, the absorbance of a substance is:

A. Inversely proportional to the square of concentration
B. Proportional to the square of concentration
C. Directly proportional to the concentration
D. Inversely proportional to the concentration

A

C.

59
Q

Hemolysis produces in serum bilirubin determination:

A. Erroneously high result
B. Erroneously low result
C. Same as hemolyzed serum
D. No error

A

B. Low result

60
Q

Standard used for icterus index

A

Potassium dichromate

61
Q

Amount of enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1micromole of substrate per minute

A. KU/I
B. IU
C. U/mL
D. U/L

A

B. IU

Katal unit is equivalent to 1 mole of substrate per SECOND

62
Q

Currently considered as the reference method for serum calcium determination

A

Atomic absorption spectrometry

63
Q

Interfere chemically with the determination of chloride

A. Bromide
B. Iodide
C. Either
D. Neither

A

C. Either

Amperometric and coulometric titration in chloride determination suffer from halogen interference

64
Q

Ability of analytical procedure to measure SMALL amount of component in a specimen

A

Sensitivity

65
Q

Reaction that measure 17-KS (ketosteroid)

A

Zimmerman

66
Q

Enzyme that hydrolyze triglyceride

A

Lipase

67
Q

A patient has decreased haptoglobin level, elevated LDH, accompanied by increased reticulocyte count. What is the most likely caused?

A. Muscular dystrophy
B. Intravascular hemolysis
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Liver disease

A

B. Intravascular hemolysis.

68
Q

The adenocortical hormone responsible for water and electrolyte balance

A

Aldosterone

69
Q

Ion selective membrane used to measure potassium is made of

A. Calomel
B. Valinomycin
C. Potassium chloride

A

Valinomycin

70
Q

Anticoagulat of choice for blood gas studies

A

Lithium heparin

71
Q

What is the condition that results in metabolic acidosis with severe hypokalemia and chronic alkaline urine?

A

Renal tubular acidosis

72
Q

Most potent estrogen

A

Estradiol

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