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PMLS Unit 2 > CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards

1
Q

Intended for testing blood and other
body fluids to quantify essential
soluble chemicals including waste
products useful for the diagnosis of
certain diseases.

A

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

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2
Q

Provide a broad database,
demonstrating multisystemic
involvement

A

Panels

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3
Q

the study of
hormones

A

Endocrinology

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4
Q

the study of the
immune system and antibodies

A

Immunology

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5
Q

the
study of drugs

A

Pharmacology or toxicology

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6
Q

Measures the glucose in the blood
after fasting for 8-10 hours

A

FBS (Fasting blood sugar)

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7
Q

Measures the glucose for the past 3
months

A

HBA1c (Glycosylated hemoglobin)

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8
Q

Measure total cholesterol

A

Lipid Profile

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9
Q

Samples flow through a Common
Vessel/ Pathway

A

CONTINUOUS FLOW ANALYZER

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10
Q

Employs a variety of syringe pipettes
to aspirate and dispense samples (2-6
ul)and reagents

A

DISCRETE ANALYSIS

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11
Q

Uses the force generated by
centrifugation to transfer specimen
and reagents

A

CENTRIFUGAL ANALYSIS

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12
Q

Separates the components of blood

A

CENTRIFUGES

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13
Q

Also known as
“Swinging bucket”

A

Horizontal

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14
Q

Also known as “Fixed
angle”

A

Angle head

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15
Q

Concentrates cells in
body fluid

A

Cytocentrifuge

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16
Q

Separate lipoproteins

A

Ultracentrifuge

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17
Q

it is a type of water reagent called ultrapure water

A

TYPE I

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18
Q

it is a type of water reagent for general use

A

TYPE II

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19
Q

it is a type of water reagent used in Urinalysis and
Fecalysis

A

TYPE III

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20
Q

empiric formula of carbohydrates

A

CHO (Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen)

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21
Q

Major source of energy

A

glucose

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22
Q

Storage form of energy

A

glycogen

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23
Q

Components of cell membrane

A

glycoproteins

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24
Q

Structural components of
plants, bacteria, and insects

A

Chitin, cellulose

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25
the simplest form of carbohydrates,
Monosaccharides
26
2 sugar units linked together by glycosidic bonds
Disaccharides
27
3 to 10 sugar units.
Oligosaccharides
28
More than 10 sugar units
Polysaccharides
29
Glucose converted into pyruvate and lactate to produce ATP as a source of energy
Glycolysis
30
Production/formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
Gluconeogenesis
31
Breakdown of glycogen.
Glycogenolysis
32
Conversion of glucose to glycogen (storage); also called glycogen synthesis
Glycogenesis
33
conversion of carbohydrates to fats
Lipogenesis
34
Decomposition of fats
Lipolysis
35
Produced by the pancreas, particularly by beta cells of islets of Langerhans
Insulin
36
Produced by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans
Glucagon
37
known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
38
insulin resistant or progressive insulin deficiency
Type 2 Diabetes
39
glucose intolerance during pregnancy
Gestational DM
40
Linear polymer of amino acids
PROTEINS
41
are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells→ B cells of lymphocytes)
Immunoglobulins
42
are the end products of protein metabolism and must be removed from the body to ensure continued normal protein metabolism in the cells
NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN
43
n is a waste product that your kidneys remove from your blood
Urea nitrogen
44
increase urea in the blood
Azotemia
45
increase urea in the blood with renal failure
Uremia / uremic syndrome
46
Product of catabolism of purine nucleic acid
Uric acid
47
Waste product of our muscles
Creatinine/Creatine
48
Formed from the deamination of amino acids during protein metabolism.
Ammonia
49
are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.
Enzymes
50
enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a group of atoms,
TRANSFERASES
51
enzymes that catalyze the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another molecule
OXIDOREDUCTASES
52
enzymes that catalyze bond cleavages by reaction with water
HYDROLASES
53
enzymes responsible for catalyzing addition and elimination reactions
LYASES
54
catalyze changes within one molecule.
ISOMERASES
55
enzymes that are capable of catalyzing the reaction of joining two large molecules by establishing a new chemical bond
LIGASES
56
made during the normal process of breaking down red blood cells. It is a yellowish substance found in bile, fluid in your liver.
BILIRUBIN
57
yellow discoloration of the skin
Jaundice
58
the destruction of red blood cells
Hemolysis
59
Life span of red blood cells
120 days
60
when a cell is in the blood vessel.
Monocyte
61
when the cell migrated from the blood vessel,
Macrophage
62
Macrophage of the liver
Kupper cells
63
Macrophage in the spleen
Microglial Cells
64
They are either positively charged or cation, and negatively charge or anion
Electrolytes
65
Most abundant cation in the plasma (extracellular fluid outside the cell)
Sodium
66
High sodium in the plasma
Hypernatremmia
67
Low sodium in the plasma.
Hyponatremia
68
Major intracellular cation inside the cells.
Potassium
69
high potassium in the blood
Hyperkalemia
70
low potassium in the blood
Hypokalemia
71
Major extracellular anion.
Chloride
72
High chloride
Hyperchloremia
73
low chloride
Hypochloremia

PMLS Unit 2 (3 decks)

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