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Infection > Clinical Cases > Flashcards

Clinical Cases Flashcards

1
Q

What are common pathogens that cause cellulitis?

A

Staph aureus, strep species. MRSA can also be another cause

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2
Q

How does cellulitis present?

A

Erythema, pain, swelling, itching, heat

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3
Q

If cellulitis presents with golden yellow crust, which pathogen is a likely cause of the infection?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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4
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

An infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

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5
Q

What investigations would you carry out if cellulitis is suspected?

A

FBC, CRP, organ function tests

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6
Q

If a patient is suspected of having cellulitis what other condition would you want to rule out by checking their history?

A

DVT

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7
Q

How do you treat mild to moderate cellulitis?

A

Oral flucloxacilin

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8
Q

How do treat severe cellulitis?

A

Intravenous flucloxacilin

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9
Q

What would you use to treat a patient with cellulitis caused by MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

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10
Q

How does sepsis present?

A 
Low temperature
Tachycardia 
High respiratory rate
Low blood pressure
Reduced urine output 
Local signs of infection
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11
Q

How do elderly patients usually present with sepsis?

A

Confusion, drowsiness

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12
Q

What investigations would you carry out on a patient suspected of sepsis?

A

FBC, organ function tests, CRP, clotting, blood cultures, blood gas. Other investigations can investigate the location/source of infection

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13
Q

How quickly should patients with suspected sepsis be assessed and given treatment?

A

Within 1 hour

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14
Q

What is the sepsis six?

A

Take: blood lactate, blood cultures, urine output
Give: fluids, oxygen, broad spectrum antibiotics

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15
Q

What NEWS score would make you think sepsis?

A

NEWS score of 5 or higher

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16
Q

Is staph epidermis gram positive or negative? What kind of structure?

A

Gram positive cocci

17
Q

Is staph epidermis coagulase negative or positive?

A

Coagulase negative

18
Q

Where is staph epidermis and normal commensal of?

A

Commensal of the skin

19
Q

Is neisseria meningitidis gram positive or negative? What kind of structure?

A

Gram negative cocci

20
Q

Where is meningococcus a normal commensal of?

A

The upper respiratory tract

21
Q

What is the most common symptom of C. Difficile infection

A

Profuse diarrhoea

22
Q

What is the greatest ris factor for C.Difficile infection?

A

Previous antibiotic use

23
Q

Where is C.Difficile a normal commensal of?

A

The colon

24
Q

Is C. Difficile gram positive or negative?

A

Gram positive

25
Q

Why is C.Difficile so hard to get rid of?

A

It produces spores

26
Q

What are the virulence factors of C.Difficile?

A

Toxin A- enterotoxic causing excess fluid in bowel

Toxin B- cytotoxin disrupting protein synthesis and cytoskeleton

27
Q

What drugs can be used to treat mild and severe C. Difficile infection?

A

Mild- metronidazole

Severe- vancomycin

28
Q

How would you test for C.Difficile infection?

A

Stool sample

29
Q

Which two pathogens and most probable to cause meningitis?

A

Meningococcus and pneumococcus

30
Q

What are some features of the organism streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Gram positive, diplococcus, respiratory tract commensal, a-haemolytic in aerobic and b-haemolytic in anaerobic conditions

31
Q

Who is most likely to be affected by meningitis?

A

Infants, teens and young adults where large groups gather, immunosupressed

32
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis?

A

Fever, stiff neck, photophobia, vomiting, headache, seizures. Children can present with non-blanching rash

33
Q

What antibiotic would you use to treat meningitis?

A

Ceftriaxone

34
Q

what are some complications associated with meningitis?

A

Hearing loss, epilepsy, diffuse brain damage

Infection (5 decks)

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