CLINICAL CARE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONDITIONS

Question 1

(1) Person or animal that harbors the infectious agent/disease and can
transmit it to others but does not demonstrate signs of the disease.
(a) [COVID-19 living dormant in your body]

Answer 1

Carrier

Question 2

(1) Exposure to a source of an infection; a person who has been exposed.
Contact does not imply infection; it implies possibility of infection
(a) [STI’s

Answer 2

Contact

Question 3

(1) Capable of being transmitted from person to person by contact or
proximity. Does not need or utilize a vector.
(a) [[Tuberculosis]

Answer 3

Contagious

Question 4

(1) An organism that harbors a parasitic, mutualistic, or commensalism
guest. The host is the house & the parasite is the freeloader.
(a) [Human]

Answer 4

Host

Question 5

(1) An organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from
or at the expense of its host. Three main classes of human parasites are
protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
(a) [scabies mite]

Answer 5

Parasite

Question 6

(1) In biology, a pathogen (Greek: pathos “suffering”, and genēs
“producer of”). In ID, an infectious agent or organism that can produce
disease.

Answer 6

Pathogen

Question 7

(1) Invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent,
regardless if it causes disease or not.
(a) [Ebola or Influenza

Answer 7

Infection

Question 8

(1) A pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will
allow it to multiply or act.
(a) [Respiratory tract, open wound, etc.]

Answer 8

Portal of entry

Question 9

(1) A population of organisms or the specific environment in which an
infectious pathogen naturally lives and reproduces; usually a living
host of a certain species.
(2) [Reservoir is a living creature – ex: Anthrax & herbivores]

Answer 9

Reservoir

Question 10

(1) A pathogen that is transmissible from non-human animals (typically
vertebrates) to humans.
(a) [Swine Flu, bird flu, turtle flu]

Answer 10

Zoonosis

Question 11

(1) An increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above
what is normally expected in that population in that area.
(a) [Opioid Epidemic in the U.S.]

Answer 11

Epidemic

Question 12

(1) Carries the same definition of epidemic but is often used for a more
limited geographic area.
(a) [Mississippi]

Answer 12

Outbreak

Question 13

(1) The constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given
geographic area or population
(a) [Malaria in sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 13

Endemic

Question 14

(1) An epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple countries or
continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the
population.

Answer 14

Pandemic

Question 15

(1) Any of a group of viruses that are transmitted between hosts by
mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods.
(a) [Malaria, Dengue WNV, Lyme, RMSF]

Answer 15

Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus)

Question 16

(1) Resistance developed in response to an antigen (pathogen or vaccine)
characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host.
(a) [JEV]

Answer 16

Immunity, active

Question 17

(1) When a majority of a given group is resistant/immune to a pathogen,
they achieve ’herd immunity.’ This confers protection to unvaccinated
or susceptible individuals/group by reducing the likelihood of
infection or spread.
(a) [Measles]

Answer 17

Immunity, herd

Question 18

(1) Transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies
produced by another host or synthesized. Passive immunization is used
when there is a high risk of infection & insufficient time for the body
to develop its own immune response. Short Term!
(a) [Rabies IG, Tetanus IG, Crofab (Rattlesnake antivenin)]

Answer 18

Immunity, passive

Question 19

(1) Describes any illness, impairment, degradation of health, chronic, or
age-related disease.
(2) ↑ Morbidity = ↓ lifespan & ↑ mortality when infected with any
pathogen.

Answer 19

Morbidity

Question 20

(1) Time interval from a person being infected to the onset of symptoms
of an infectious disease.
(2) [Influenza = 1-4 days]

Answer 20

(1) Time interval from a person being infected to the onset of symptoms
of an infectious disease.
(2) [Influenza = 1-4 days]

Question 21

(1) Time interval from a person being infected to the time of
infectiousness of an infectious disease.
(2) [TB is where latency period important]

Answer 21

Latency period

Question 22

(1) An infection that is nearly or completely asymptomatic. A
subclinically infected person is an asymptomatic carrier of the
infection.
(a) [HIV/AIDS]

Answer 22

Subclinical Infection

Question 23

(1) A combination of symptoms characteristic of a disease or health
condition; sometimes refers to a health condition without a clear
cause. Greek for “concurrence.”
(a) [Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome]

Answer 23

Syndrome

Question 24

(1) Measure of death in a defined population during a specified time
interval, from a defined cause.
(a) The mortality rate of Ebola (defined cause) in Democratic
Republic of Congo (defined population) in 2014 (specified
time interval) was 71%

Answer 24

Mortality rate

Question 25

(1) Transmission occurs between an infected person and a susceptible
person via direct physical contact with blood or body fluids.
(a) Person to Person
(b) Examples: touching, kissing, sexual contact, contact with oral
secretions, or contact with body lesions, coughing into each
other’s mouths, etc.

Answer 25

Direct contact (infection):

Question 26

(1) Transmission occurs when there is no direct human-to-human contact.
(2) Contact occurs from:
(a) Person to contaminated surface/object to person
(b) Person to vector (mosquitoes,
flies/mites/fleas/tick/rodent/dogs) to person

Answer 26

(1) Transmission occurs when there is no direct human-to-human contact.
(2) Contact occurs from:
(a) Person to contaminated surface/object to person
(b) Person to vector (mosquitoes,
flies/mites/fleas/tick/rodent/dogs) to person

Question 27

(1) A prodrome (or prodromal symptoms), often indicate the onset of a
disease before more diagnostically specific signs and symptoms
develop.
(2) Medical Trivia: Schizophrenia was the first medical condition/disorder
for which a prodromal symptoms was described. FINE terms
associated with Infectious disease.

Answer 27

Prodrome