Clinical Care of Dive Injuries Flashcards
what determines the classification of DCS
location of the bubble
what type of DCS involves the skin, lymphatic system, muscles, and joints and not life threatening
DCS type I
what are the Symptoms of DCS type I
Joint pain (outside the thorax. Ankle, elbow, and wrist)
Skin Symptoms (itching, marbling)
Lymph Nodes (pain, swelling)
what exam must be done to rule out a arterial Gas embolism (AGE)
Neurological Exam
what is the treatment of DCS type I
100% Surface O2
transport to recompression chamber
if transporting a DCS patient by air what is the max ceiling
1000ft
DCS II symptoms are divided into what three categories
Neurological
Inner Ear
Cardiopulmonary
what causes the Sx of Neurological symptoms of DCS
bubble formation within the brain & Spine
what are the symptoms of Neurological DCS type II
Paresthesia
Numbness
Urinary Function Impairment
Muscle Weakness
Mental Status Changes
what are the symptoms of Inner Ear (Staggers) DCS type II decompression Sickness
Tinnitus
Hearing Loss
Vertigo
Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting
where does the bubble in Inner Ear (Staggers) DCS type II DCS form
Vestibular Apparatus
what are the symptoms of cardiopulmonary (Chokes) DCS type II DCS
chest pain
Pain w/ inspiration
irritating cough
Tachypnoea
lung congestion
complete circulatory collapse
what occurs when gas is forced through the lung tissue into the loose mediastianal tissues in the middle of the chest of the chest surrounding the heart, trachea, and major vessels
Pulmonary Over Inflation Syndrome (POIS)
what are the 4 types of POIS
Arterial Gas Embolism
Mediastinal
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Pneumothorax
what is caused by Damage to body tissues from the mechanical effects of pressure, results when pressure differentials between body cavities During normal ascent and decompression procedures, these gasses come out of the divers body at a manageable rate.
Barotrama
what are the 3 types of barotrauma
ear squeeze
Sinus Squeeze
Tooth Squeeze
what is damaged in ear squeeze barotruama
Cochlea/ vestibular apparatus
what is the Tx for Ear squeeze barotrauma
Heart / lung PE
Decongestants
pain medication
Antibiotics if TM rupture
what type of gas seriously interferes with the bloods ability to carry O2 required for normal body function
Carbon Monoxide
what are Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Tightness across the forehead
Headache
Dizziness
Confusion
Nausea
Vomiting
what is the definitive treatment of choice for carbon monoxide poisoning
Hyperbaric Therapy
define abnormally high level of carbon DIOXIDE in the blood and body tissues
Hypercapnia
what are Symptoms of Hypercapnia
Confusion of feelings of euphoria
Inability to concentrate
SOB
Loss of consciousness
Drowsiness
Convulsions
Increase Sweating
Increase Respiratory Rate
what is the Treatment for Hypercapnia
Decrease level of exertion
Increase Ventilation/ Helmet Flow
Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity.
what are the symptoms for CNS O2 toxicity
Vision Symptoms
Ear Symptoms
Confusion / euphoria
what is the treat treatment for CNS O2 toxicity
ascend
shift to breathing mixture with a lower %
Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity occurs at what partial pressure
exposure to 1 ata for 12 hrs
exposure to partial pressure for how long at 1 ata will produce mild sx of Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
12 hrs
what are symptoms of Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Burning sensation during inspiration
Pain during inspiration
cough
decrease pulmonary function
what are symptoms of Shallow water blackout
hypoxia
subsequent drowning
cardiac respiratory
what is the treatment for shallow water blackouts on the water
ventilation ONLY, 5 rescue breaths
No chest compressions
what is believed to be related to exertion, immersion in cold water and over hydration
Swimmer induced pulmonary edema (SIPE)
what are the symptoms of Swimmer induced pulmonary edema (SIPE)
dull to sharp substernal chest pain
hemoptysis
shortness of breath
frothy sputum
shortness of breath
what is the Treatment for Swimmer induced pulmonary edema (SIPE)
remove pt from wet/cold environment
supplemental O2
Complete heart / lung exam
EKG
X-Ray within 24 hrs
