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First Aid - Microbiology > Clinical Bacteriology > Flashcards

Clinical Bacteriology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gram +, bacilli, aerobic

A

Listeria, Bacillus, Corynebacterium

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2
Q

Gram +, bacilli, anaerobic

A

Clostridium, Propionibacterium

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3
Q

Gram +, cocci, anaerobic/facultative, catalase -, alpha hemolysis, optochin/bile resistant

A

Viridans streptococci (no capsule): S mutans, S mitis

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4
Q

Gram +, cocci, anaerobic/facultative, catalase -, alpha hemolysis, optochin/bile sensitive

A

S. pneumoniae (encapsulated)

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5
Q

Gram +, cocci, anaerobic/facultative, catalase -, beta hemolysis, bacitracin resistant

A

Group B strep: S agalactiae

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6
Q

Gram +, cocci, anaerobic/facultative, catalase -, beta hemolysis, bacitracin sensitive

A

Group A strep: S pyogenes

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7
Q

Gram +, cocci, anaerobic/facultative, catalase -, gamma hemolysis, no growth in 6.5% NaCl

A

Nonenterococcus, S bovis

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8
Q

Gram +, cocci, anaerobic/facultative, catalase -, gamma hemolysis, growth in 6.5% NaCl

A 
Group D (enterococcus): E faecium, E faecalis
Note: can also be alpha hemolytic
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9
Q

Gram +, cocci, anaerobic/facultative, catalase +, coagulase -, novobiocin resistant

A

S saprophyticus

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10
Q

Gram +, cocci, anaerobic/facultative, catalase +, coagulase -, novobiocin sensitive

A

S epidermidis

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11
Q

Gram +, cocci, anaerobic/facultative, catalase +, coagulase +

A

S aureus

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12
Q

Alpha-hemolysis

A

Gram + cocci

Partial reduction of hemoglobin causes greenish or brownish color without clearing around growth on blood agar

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13
Q

Beta-hemolysis

A

Gram + cocci

Complete lysis of RBCs -> clear area surrounding colony on blood agar

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14
Q

Staphylococcus aureus - virulence factor

A

Protein A: binds Fc-IgG, inhibiting complement activation and phagocytosis

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15
Q

Staphylococcus aureus - colonization

A

Nares, axilla, and groin

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16
Q

Staphylococcus aureus - infections

A

Inflammatory disease, toxin-mediated disease, MRSA

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17
Q

Staphylococcus aureus - inflammatory disease

A

Skin infections, organ abscesses, pneumonia (only after influenza virus infection), endocarditis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis

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18
Q

Staphylococcus aureus - organ abscess formation

A

“Bad staph” make coagulase and toxins

Forms fibrin clot around self -> abscess

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19
Q

Staphylococcus aureus - toxin-mediated disease

A

Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1), scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin), rapid onset food poisoning (enterotoxins)

20
Q

Staphylococcus aureus - MRSA infection

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Important cause of serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections
Resistant to methicillin and nafcillin because of altered penicillin-binding protein

21
Q

Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome - presentation

A

Fever, vomiting, rash, desquamation, shock, end-organ failure

22
Q

Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome - labs

A

Increased AST, increased ALT, increased bilirubin

23
Q

Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome - common association

A

Prolonged use of vaginal tampons or nasal packing

24
Q

TSST-1 - mechanism

A

Superantigen that binds to MHCII and T-cell receptor, resulting in polyclonal T-cell activation

25
Q

S aureus food poisoning - cause

A

Ingestion of preformed toxin -> short incubation period

Enterotoxin is heat stable -> not destroyed by cooking

26
Q

S aureus food poisoning - presentation

A

Quick onset (2-6 hours), non bloody diarrhea and emesis

27
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis - colonization

A

Normal flora of skin

Contaminates blood cultures

28
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis - infection sites

A

Prosthetic devices (eg, hip implant, heart valve) and IV catheters by producing adherent biofilms

29
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus - colonization

A

Normal flora of female genital tract and perineum

30
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus - infection

A

Second most common cause of uncomplicated UTI in young women (E coli most common)

31
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae - shape

A

Lancet-shaped diplococci

32
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae - virulence

A

Encapsulated (no virulence without the capsule)

IgA protease

33
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae - common diseases

A 
Most common cause of:
Meningitis
Otitis media (in children)
Bacterial pneumonia
Sinusitis
34
Q

Pneumococcus - associations

A

“Rusty” sputum

Sepsis in patients with sickle cell disease and asplenic patients

35
Q

Viridans group streptococci - colonization

A

Normal flora of the oropharynx

36
Q

Viridans group streptococci - infections

A 
Dental caries (S mutans and S mitis)
Subacute bacterial endocarditis  at damaged heart valves (S sanguinis)
37
Q

S sanguinis - endocarditis mechanism

A

Makes dextran, which bind to fibrin-platelet aggregated on damaged heart valves

38
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes - pyogenic infections

A

Pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo (“honey-crusted” lesions), erysipelas

39
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes - toxigenic infections

A

Scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis

40
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes - immunologic infections

A

Rheumatic fever, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

41
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes - virulence

A

Hyaluronic acid capsule inhibits phagocytosis

42
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes - autoimmunity

A

Antibodies agains M protein enhance host defenses against S pyogenes but can give rise to rheumatic fever

43
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes - recent infection test

A

ASO titer or anti-DNase B antibodies indicate recent S pyogenes infection

44
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes - complications

A

Pharyngitis: rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
Impetigo: glomerulonephritis

45
Q

Scarlet fever - presentation

A

Blanching, sandpaper-like body rash, strawberry tongue and circumoral pallor in the setting of group A streptococcal pharyngitis (erythrogenic toxin +)

First Aid - Microbiology (7 decks)

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