Clinical Assessment 2 Flashcards
What Muscles are involved with Cervical Flexion ?
Scalene Muscles and Longus Coli
What Muscles are involved in Cervical Extension ?
- Levator Scapulae
- Trapezius
- Splenius
- Semispinalis
- Longissimus Cervicis
What muscles are involved in Lateral Flexion and Rotation ?
Lateral Flexion
- Trapezius
- Longus Capitus
Lateral Rotation
- Levator Scapula
- Sternocleidomastoid
What is the origin and insertion of Levator Scapula ?
Origin
- Transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion
- Superior Vertebral Border of Scapula
Action
What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of Latissimus Dorsi ?
What is the O, I , A of the Serratus Anterior
Origin
- Upper first 8-9 Ribs
Insertion
- Vertebral/Medial border of the Scapula
Action
- Upward rotation & Abduction of the Scapula
- Elevates the Ribs
Origin
- Superior 2/3 of axillary border of scapula
Insertion
- Greater tubercle of the humerus
Action
- External Rotation, Extension & adduction of the Humerus
What is the O, I , A of the Subscapularis ?
Origin
Subscapular fossa of anterior scapula
Insertion
Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action
Internal rotation of the humerus
What is the O, I, A of the Minor Rhomboids ?
Minor
Origin
Spinous process of C7-T1
Insertion
Vertebral border of scapula above spine
Action
Scapular adduction & Downward Rotation
What is the origin, insertion and Action of the Major Rhomboids ?
What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Superior Trapezius ?
Origin
- Spinous Process of C7 & to occipital
Insertion
- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion
Action
- Elevation, Adduction & Upward Rotation
What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Medial Trapezius muscle
What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Inferior Trapezius
Origin
- Spinous processes of T6-T12
Insertion
- Medial 1/3 of scapular spine
Action
- Depression, upward rotation, and adduction of the scapula
What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Posterior Scalene ?
Origin
- Transverse processes of C4-C6
Insertion
- Rib 2
Action
- Neck flexion & Rotation; Rib Elevation
What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of Middle Scalene Muscle ?
What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Anterior Scalene Muscles ?
Origin
- Transverse process of C3-C6
Insertion
- Rib 1
Action
- Neck flexion & Rotation; Rib Elevation
Explain the Transverse Ligament Test
Position - Supine
Description - Reach beneath occipital head and place fingers in suboccipital space and push up, keeping hands on table with head resting in palms
Positive - Lump in the throat, Difficulty swallowing, Nystagmus , Local CI
Clinical Significance - Pain, Discomfort
Tissue implicated - Lesion of Transverse Ligament causing C1 to have excessive translation over C2…may compress spinal cord
Position - Supine
Description - Feel C2 Spine and passively rotate the clients head to one side 20-30 degrees, feel for C2 move
Positive - No movement of C2 to ONE side
Clinical Significance - C2 doesn’t move to BOTH sides, Mispositioning of vertebrae, refer out local precaution
Tissues implicated - Alar Ligament Strain
What is the Spurling’s Maximal Foraminal Compression Test ?
Position - Seated
Description -
- Using both hands, Firmly press down on head in neutral
- Bring into extension, apply into spine
- Extension and lateral rotation both sides and apply same pressure.
Positive - Numbness, tingling, pain relating to hand. No.3 we can localize the pain and see which side is involved.
Clinical Significance - Pain that is not radiating indicates FACET JOINT. Ipsilateral local pain is Facet Irritation & Contralateral side is Strain/Sprain
Tissue Implicated - Nerve Root Compression Through CV Foramina
What is the Distraction Test ?
Position - Seated
Description - Position on hand on the angles of the mandible, other hand on the occiput, then lift the head up
Positive - Reduction of pain
Clinical Significane
Tissue Implicated -
What is the Shoulder Depression Test ?
Position - Seated
Distraction - Standing behind the client, bring the head into full lateral flexion, place one hand on shoulder and other hand on head for support. Push Hand Down on shoulder
Positive - Numbness, tingling, pain radiating to hand of ipsilateral side
Clinical Significance - Local pain is Facet Irritation
Tissues implicated - Nerve Root is overstretched
What is the Lhermitte’s Test ?
Position - Seated Long Legged
Description - Cross arms on chest, flex head round shoulders and practicioner lifts leg slightly
Positive - Severely restricted neck flexion along with severe sharp shooting pain along spinal column
Clinical Significance
Tissues implicated - Meningeal Irritation / Inflammation
What is the Valsalva Test ?
Position - Seated
Description - Deep inhale and pretend to blow into a balloon without letting air out
Positive - Severe sharp shooting pain along spinal column or into extremities
Tissue implicated - Meningeal Irritation / Inflammation associated with space occupying lesion (Extra material applying pressure on the meninges, herniation, tumor, osteophites)
What is the Tinel’s Test ?
Position - Seated
Description - Tap along the TP’s of cervical spine (Just posterior to SCM)
Positive - Numbness, tingling, pain radiating to hand
Clinical Significance
