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Orthopedic Testing > Clinical Assessment 2 > Flashcards

Clinical Assessment 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What Muscles are involved with Cervical Flexion ?

A

Scalene Muscles and Longus Coli

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2
Q

What Muscles are involved in Cervical Extension ?

A
  1. Levator Scapulae
  2. Trapezius
  3. Splenius
  4. Semispinalis
  5. Longissimus Cervicis
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3
Q

What muscles are involved in Lateral Flexion and Rotation ?

A

Lateral Flexion

  • Trapezius
  • Longus Capitus

Lateral Rotation

  • Levator Scapula
  • Sternocleidomastoid
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4
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Levator Scapula ?

A

Origin

  • Transverse process of C1-C4

Insertion

  • Superior Vertebral Border of Scapula

Action

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5
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of Latissimus Dorsi ?

A
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6
Q

What is the O, I , A of the Serratus Anterior

A

Origin

  • Upper first 8-9 Ribs

Insertion

  • Vertebral/Medial border of the Scapula

Action

  • Upward rotation & Abduction of the Scapula
  • Elevates the Ribs
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7
Q

Origin

  • Superior 2/3 of axillary border of scapula

Insertion

  • Greater tubercle of the humerus

Action

  • External Rotation, Extension & adduction of the Humerus
A
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8
Q

What is the O, I , A of the Subscapularis ?

A

Origin

Subscapular fossa of anterior scapula

Insertion

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action

Internal rotation of the humerus

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9
Q

What is the O, I, A of the Minor Rhomboids ?

A

Minor

Origin

Spinous process of C7-T1

Insertion

Vertebral border of scapula above spine

Action

Scapular adduction & Downward Rotation

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion and Action of the Major Rhomboids ?

A
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11
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Superior Trapezius ?

A

Origin

  • Spinous Process of C7 & to occipital

Insertion

  • Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion

Action

  • Elevation, Adduction & Upward Rotation
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12
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Medial Trapezius muscle

A
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13
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Inferior Trapezius

A

Origin

  • Spinous processes of T6-T12

Insertion

  • Medial 1/3 of scapular spine

Action

  • Depression, upward rotation, and adduction of the scapula
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14
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Posterior Scalene ?

A

Origin

  • Transverse processes of C4-C6

Insertion

  • Rib 2

Action

  • Neck flexion & Rotation; Rib Elevation
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15
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of Middle Scalene Muscle ?

A
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16
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Anterior Scalene Muscles ?

A

Origin

  • Transverse process of C3-C6

Insertion

  • Rib 1

Action

  • Neck flexion & Rotation; Rib Elevation
17
Q

Explain the Transverse Ligament Test

A

Position - Supine

Description - Reach beneath occipital head and place fingers in suboccipital space and push up, keeping hands on table with head resting in palms

Positive - Lump in the throat, Difficulty swallowing, Nystagmus , Local CI

Clinical Significance - Pain, Discomfort

Tissue implicated - Lesion of Transverse Ligament causing C1 to have excessive translation over C2…may compress spinal cord

18
Q

Position - Supine

Description - Feel C2 Spine and passively rotate the clients head to one side 20-30 degrees, feel for C2 move

Positive - No movement of C2 to ONE side

Clinical Significance - C2 doesn’t move to BOTH sides, Mispositioning of vertebrae, refer out local precaution

Tissues implicated - Alar Ligament Strain

A
19
Q

What is the Spurling’s Maximal Foraminal Compression Test ?

A

Position - Seated

Description -

  1. Using both hands, Firmly press down on head in neutral
  2. Bring into extension, apply into spine
  3. Extension and lateral rotation both sides and apply same pressure.

Positive - Numbness, tingling, pain relating to hand. No.3 we can localize the pain and see which side is involved.

Clinical Significance - Pain that is not radiating indicates FACET JOINT. Ipsilateral local pain is Facet Irritation & Contralateral side is Strain/Sprain

Tissue Implicated - Nerve Root Compression Through CV Foramina

20
Q

What is the Distraction Test ?

A

Position - Seated

Description - Position on hand on the angles of the mandible, other hand on the occiput, then lift the head up

Positive - Reduction of pain

Clinical Significane

Tissue Implicated -

21
Q

What is the Shoulder Depression Test ?

A

Position - Seated

Distraction - Standing behind the client, bring the head into full lateral flexion, place one hand on shoulder and other hand on head for support. Push Hand Down on shoulder

Positive - Numbness, tingling, pain radiating to hand of ipsilateral side

Clinical Significance - Local pain is Facet Irritation

Tissues implicated - Nerve Root is overstretched

22
Q

What is the Lhermitte’s Test ?

A

Position - Seated Long Legged

Description - Cross arms on chest, flex head round shoulders and practicioner lifts leg slightly

Positive - Severely restricted neck flexion along with severe sharp shooting pain along spinal column

Clinical Significance

Tissues implicated - Meningeal Irritation / Inflammation

23
Q

What is the Valsalva Test ?

A

Position - Seated

Description - Deep inhale and pretend to blow into a balloon without letting air out

Positive - Severe sharp shooting pain along spinal column or into extremities

Tissue implicated - Meningeal Irritation / Inflammation associated with space occupying lesion (Extra material applying pressure on the meninges, herniation, tumor, osteophites)

24
Q

What is the Tinel’s Test ?

A

Position - Seated

Description - Tap along the TP’s of cervical spine (Just posterior to SCM)

Positive - Numbness, tingling, pain radiating to hand

Clinical Significance

25
Q

What is the Scalene Cramp Test ?

A
26
Q

What is the VAT Test ?

A

Position - Supine

Description - Shoulders level with the edge of the table, bring head into full extension and rotate to each side 20-30 seconds

Positive - Seeing stars/black, dizziness, vertigo, nausea, lose consciousness, Nystagmus Local PC

Tissues implicated - Vertebral Artery

27
Q

What is the Hautants Test?

A

Position - Seated

Description

  • First Part : Palms up, eyes closed and hold for 20-30 seconds
  • Second Part : Palms up, eyes closed, bring head into extension and lateral rotation

Clinical Significance - If one arm drops

Tissue implicated - 1st = Brain issue / 2nd = Cervical Region

Orthopedic Testing (3 decks)

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