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ATP Exam > Clinical Applications > Flashcards

Clinical Applications Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Cord Syndrome

A

Paralysis and variavle sensation loss

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2
Q

Brown Sequard Syndrome

A

-hemicord lesion
-proprioceptive and motor loss on same side of injury
-pain and temperatures loss on opposite side of injury

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3
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia risk level

A

above T6

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4
Q

Spina Bifida Characteristics

A

-non progressive
-present at birth
-damage to nerves depends on type and trauma at birth
-usually only survivable in lower spine (paraplegia)
-high risk for development of scoliosis as they grow

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5
Q

Meningocele Spina Bifida

A

-opening of spinal canal
-incomplete vertebra formation
-no damage to spinal cord

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6
Q

myelomeningocele spina bifida

A

-opening of spinal canal
-herniation of nerves or spinal cord into the opening
-damages nerves and/or cord

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7
Q

Hydrocephalus spina bifida

A

-build up of CSF in brain leading to possible skull distortion and brain damage

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8
Q

Arnold-Chiari malformation Spina Bifida

A

-part of the cerebellum protrudes into spinal canal

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9
Q

Spina Bifida results

A

-muscle paralysis/weakness
-loss of sensation
-decreased muscle tone
-poor trunk control and balance
-spinal asymmetries
-decreased motor planning, coordination, and midline skills
-visual impairments (weak ocular motor control, poor fixation, impaired tracking, impaired scanning, impaired perception)
- cognitive impairment (normal to severe, learning disabilities, language difficulties, attention deficits, problems with memory)

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10
Q

Spina Bifida AT Applications for mobility

A

-ambulation aids
-manual or power wheelchairs

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11
Q

Spina Bifida AT Applications for positioning

A

-stability/support to maximize function
-pressure management
-prevention of scoliosis/other deformities
-tilt/recline/standing positioning systems
-24 hour positioning needs

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12
Q

Spina Bifida Other AT Applications

A

-ventilator if needed
-ADL equipment
-EADLs
-Alt drive for moblity
-Computer with alt access
-interfacing technology
-architectural modifications
-transportation technology
-recreational technology

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13
Q

Locked in syndrome - part of brain

A

damage to pontine area

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14
Q

Stroke R side of brain effects

A

-L hemiplegia
-visual field loss
-perceptual problems
-L neglect
-impulsivity
-emotional lability

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15
Q

Stroke L side of brain effects

A

-R hemiplegia
-language impairments
-poor motor planning
-poor math
-slow at tasks

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16
Q

CP Definition

A

non progressive disorder resluting from a lesion to the brain occurring anytime from fetal development to 2 years or age

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17
Q

CP causes

A

-damage to nervous system during fetal development
-maternal dysfunction
-premature separation of the placenta
-bleeding in the baby’s brain
-anoxia in utero or during birth
-injury to brain due to swelling
-post natal causes including meningitis and injury

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18
Q

Types of CP

A

-Spastic/hypertonic
-hypotonic
-dyskinetic
-mixed

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19
Q

Spastic/hypertonic CP

A

velocity dependent muscle tone

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20
Q

hypotonic CP

A

decreased muscle tone

21
Q

Dyskenetic CP

A

movement disorder
with extraneous, non-volitional movement or ataxia

22
Q

athetoid

A

extraneous, non-volitional movement

23
Q

diplegic CP

A

more involvement in lower limbs

24
Q

triplegic CP

A

both lower limbs, one upper limb

25
Q

CP Mobility AT

A

-crutches
-gait trainers
-walkers
-strollers (when young)
-manual wheelchairs
-power wheelchairs

26
Q

MS definition

A

an inflammatory disease of the CNS characterized by 2 or more lesions separated in time and space

27
Q

MS higher prevalence in (males/females)?

A

females

28
Q

MS age of diagnosis

A

between 20 and 50 yrs old

29
Q

MS effect on CNS

A

causes demylenation in CNS. Where myelin is lost, scar tissue is left (sclerosis)

30
Q

damaged areas in MS are called

A

plaques

31
Q

Types of MS

A

-relapsing remitting (most common)
-secondary progressive
-primary progressive
-progressive relapsing

32
Q

MS Mobility AT

A

-orthotics
-cane/walker
-manual wheelchair
-power mobility
-power assist

33
Q

Age of onset of ALS

A

usually adult onset, late 50’s average

34
Q

ALS types

A

-progressive bulbar palsy
-progressive muscular atrophy
-ALS with dementia

35
Q

Progressive bulbar palsy

A

symptoms begin in motor neurons for cranial nerves
-much more rapid progression

36
Q

Progressive muscular atrophy

A

symptoms begin in motor neurons
-somewhat slower progression

37
Q

Spinal muscular atrophy definition

A

a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness due to damage to motor neurons in spinal cord

38
Q

Spinal muscular atrophy affects [upper/lower] motor neurons?

A

lower

39
Q

cause of spinal muscular atrophy

A

hereditary disease caused by autosomal recessive gene

40
Q

Spinal muscular atrophy types

A

Type I
Type II
Type III
Adult SMA

41
Q

Type I spinal muscular atrophy

A

-AKA Werdnig-Hoffman disease
-usually appears before the age of 6 months
-child frequently born with breathing problems
-fatal within a year without treatment

42
Q

Type II spinal muscular atrophy

A

-symptoms usually appear at the age of 6-18 months
-life expectancy depends on whether or not breathing problems are present
-most survive into adolescence of young adulthood

43
Q

Type III spinal muscular atrophy

A

AKA Kugelberg-Welander disease
-appears after age of 18 months
-may have normal life expectancy

44
Q

Adult SMA

A

begins after age 21
normal life expectancy

45
Q

Type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

classic non-deforming osteogenesis imperfecta with clue sclerae of the eyes (mildest form)

46
Q

Type II Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

perinatally lethal osteogenesis imperfecta; most severe, most die as babies

47
Q

Type III Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

Progressively deforming osteogenesis imperfecta

48
Q

Type IV Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

Common variable osteogenesis imperfecta with normal sclerae (varying severity)

49
Q

AT for Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

-protective postitioning
-power mobility usually required
-ADL equipment
-depends on ROM limitations and strength
-think low impact!

ATP Exam (7 decks)

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