Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb

Question 1

What are the static and dynamic stabilisers of the shoulder?

Answer 1

Static - shoulder capsule, labrum

Dynamic - muscles surrounding the shoulder

Question 2

What are the causes of muscle impingment at the shoulder joint?

Answer 2

1. Tendonitis
2. Cuff tear
3. Subacromial bursitis
4. Osteophytes from AC joint

Question 3

Painful arc syndrome usually causes pain between which degrees of abduction?

Answer 3

60-120º

Question 4

If there is recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder which simple non-surgical action on the patient’s behalf may aid this?

Answer 4

Rotator cuff strengthening exercises

Question 5

What is a Bankart lesion?

Answer 5

Detachment of the labrum

Question 6

In anterior dislocation of the shoulder, which nerve is impacted most frequently?

Answer 6

Axillary nerve

Question 7

What is frozen shoulder?

Answer 7

Adhesive capsulitis

There is complete range of movement loss especially external rotation

Question 8

Adhesive capsultitis is more common in patients with which co-morbidity?

Answer 8

Diabetes

Question 9

The anterior compartment of the arm is supplied by which nerve?

Answer 9

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 10

The posterior compartment of the arm is supplied by which nerve?

Answer 10

Radial nerve

Question 11

Humeral shaft fractures commonly involve damage to which nerve?

Answer 11

Radial nerve

(this causes wrist drop)

Question 12

Which joints of the elbow are responsible for facilitating supination and pronation?

Answer 12

1. Radio-capitellar joint
2. Radio-ulnar joint

Question 13

Tennis elbow is caused due to a muscle/ligament tear at the _________ epicondyle

Answer 13

Lateral epicondyle

(extensor muscles)

Question 14

Golfer’s elbow is caused due to a muscle/ligament tear at the _________ epicondyle

Answer 14

Medial

(flexor muscles)

Question 15

A supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus risks damaing which surrounding structures?

Answer 15

1. Brachial artery
2. Median nerve
3. Radial nerve
4. Ulnar nerve

Question 16

What is a Monteggia fracture?

Answer 16

Fracture of the proximal 1/3rd of the ulna with dislocation of the proximal head of the radius

Question 17

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

Answer 17

Fracture of the distal 1/3rd of the radius with dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint

Question 18

The anterior forearm is supplied by the median nerve except which muscles

Answer 18

Flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar nerve

Medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus - ulnar nerve

Question 19

Which nerve innervated the brachioradialis?

Answer 19

Radial nerve

Question 20

Which bone in the hand is most commonly fractures?

Answer 20

Scaphoid