Clinical Anatomy

Question 1

Hip pathology may produce pain in the knee. What nerve is responsible for this?

Answer 1

Obturator nerve

Question 2

Which three locations for pathology can cause buttock pain

Answer 2

Hip, Lumbar spine, Sacroiliac joint

Question 3

Which 5 conditions can cause shortened limb stature

Answer 3

OA, Perthes, SUFE, AVN & fractures

Question 4

Groin pain can be caused by conditions not related to the hip itself. Name 4 of these.

Answer 4

Inguinal or femoral hernia
Tendonitis
Pubic symphysis dysfunction
High lumbar disc prolapse with L1/2 radiculopathy

Question 5

Which 3 bones fuse to form the ‘hip bone’.

Answer 5

Ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 6

What is the name of the foramen formed by the ischium & pubis

Answer 6

Obturator foramen

Question 7

What is the acetabular labrum & what is its function

Answer 7

A fibrocartilaginous rim along the margin of the acetabulum
Deepens and cushions the hip join, increases hip stability

Question 8

Describe the position of the hip prior to a posterior hip dislocation

CLUE: Think car crash!

Answer 8

Flexed, adducted, internally rotated

Question 9

Where does the sciatic nerve leave the pelvis

Answer 9

Through the great sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis.
Travel posterior to the acetabulum.

Question 10

What muscles are involved in trendelenburg’s sign

Answer 10

Hip abductor muscles - gluteus minimus & medius

Question 11

What is the main arterial supply to the femoral head & neck

Answer 11

Medial circumflex artery
(branch of profunda femoris
which is a branch of the femoral artery)

Question 12

What other arteries provide blood supply to the femoral head/ neck (other than medial circumflex artery)

Answer 12

Lateral circumflex artery (branch of profunda femoris)
- mainly along the intertrochanteric line

Artery to the head of the femur (branch of obturator nerve)
- small portion of femoral head

Question 13

Name the 2 extra-capsular ligaments, 2 intra-articular ligaments & 2 fibrocartilaginous menisci

Answer 13

2 extra-capsular - Medial & lateral collateral ligaments

2 intra-articular - Anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments

2 fibrocartilaginous menisci - Medial & lateral menisci

Question 14

What are the 4 ligaments that make up the deltoid ligament (from anterior to posterior)

Answer 14

• Anterior tibiotalar ligament
• Tibionavicular ligament
• Tibiocalcaneal ligament
• Posterior tibiotalar ligament

Question 15

What happens in a maisonneuve fracture

Answer 15

• Fracture of proximal fibula ->
• Separation of distal tibia and fibula ->
• Rupture of tibiofibular ligament

Question 16

What nerve is commonly affected in a maisonneuve fracture and what motor effect does it have

Answer 16

Common/ deep/ superficial fibular nerve

Superficial fibular nerve - unable to evert foot
Deep fibular nerve - unable to dorsiflex foot (foot drop)

Question 17

What does a ‘foot drop’ indicate

Answer 17

Damage to the deep peroneal nerve =>
inability to dorsiflex foot