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head and neck anatomy > clinical > Flashcards

clinical Flashcards

1
Q

acute allergic rhinitis symptoms

A

Immediate; sneezing, itching, nasal blockage, rhinorrhoea

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2
Q

delayed allergic rhinitis symptoms

A

late; chronic obstruction, hyposmia, hyperreactivity

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3
Q

allergic rhinitis investigations

A 
Skin test
RAST: presence and levels of allergen specific IgE
blood tests 
nasal cytology
total IgE
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4
Q

allergic rhinitis treatment

A 
Allergen avoidance
systemic steroids
topical steroids
antihistamines
sodium cromoglycate
immunotherapy
anti – IgE
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5
Q

nasal polyps signs and symptoms

A 
Obstruction
discharge
Epistaxis
pain
deformity
anosmia
sneezing
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6
Q

nasal polyps investigations

A 
Endoscopy 
blood tests
CT
MRI
skin 
rhinomanometry
nasal smear
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7
Q

nasal polyps treatment

A 
High dose prednisolone and nasal steroids
immunotherapy
polypectomy
micro-debrider
sinus surgery
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8
Q

epistaxis treatment

A 
ABC’S
IV 
pinch soft part
nasal packs
sphenopalatine artery ligation etc 
embolization
laser ablation
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9
Q

auricular haematoma signs

A

Ear pain
itchiness
discharge
temporary hearing loss

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10
Q

treatment for auricular haematoma

A

Incision + drainage
pressure dressing
antibiotics

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11
Q

investigations for auricular haematoma

A

Physical examination
needle biopsy for blood or pus
X-ray

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12
Q

otitis externa symptoms and signs

A

Ear pain
itchiness
discharge
temporary hearing loss

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13
Q

otitis externa treatment

A

Antibiotics steroid ear drops + suction

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14
Q

tympanosclerosis management

A

nothing, asymptomatic benign finding

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15
Q

chronic suppurative otitis media symptoms

A 
Otorrhoea
conductive hearing loss
fever
vertigo
otalgia
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16
Q

signs of chronic suppurative otitis media

A

Oedema
discharge
granulation tissue
erythematous

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17
Q

investigations for chronic suppurative otitis media

A

Audiogram
CT
MRI

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18
Q

treatment for chronic suppurative otitis media

A

Micro suction
topical antibiotics
keep ear dry

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19
Q

complications for chronic suppurative otitis media

A

Dead ear
facial palsy
meningitis
brain abscess

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20
Q

perforation of the tympanic membrane symptoms

A

Whistling sound during nose blowing

asymptomatic

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21
Q

perforation of the tympanic membrane signs

A

Recurrent infections

hearing loss

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22
Q

perforation of the tympanic membrane investigation

A

Otoscopy

screening tympanometry

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23
Q

treatment for perforation of the tympanic membrane

A

Water precautions

~myringoplasty

24
Q

cholesteatoma signs and symptoms

A 
Tinnitus
dizziness
ear infection
fullness sensation
weakness
hearing loss
persistent offensive otorrhea
25
Q

cholesteatoma investigations

A

CT/MRI

26
Q

cholesteatoma treatment

A

mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty

27
Q

osteosclerosis signs

A

Conductive hearing loss

normal tympanic membrane

28
Q

osteosclerosis investigations

A

Audiometry
tympanometry
CT

29
Q

osteosclerosis treatment

A

hearing aid or stapedectomy

30
Q

benign positional vertigo signs

A

Vertigo during changes in head position

nystagmus

31
Q

benign positional vertigo diagnosis

A

dix-hallpike test

32
Q

benign positional vertigo treatment

A

Epley manoeuvre

33
Q

Meniere’s disease signs and symptoms

A

duration hours

Spontaneous vertigo, associated unilateral hearing loss, tinnitius

34
Q

Meniere’s disease investigations

A 
Audiometry
ECog test
auditory brainstem response 
balance tests 
rotary test 
VEMP
MRI/CT
electronystagmography
35
Q

Meniere’s disease treatment

A

Bendroflumethazide
intratympanic dexamethasone
intratympanic gentamicin

36
Q

vestibular neuritis symptoms and signs

A

lasts days the hearing loss
Spontaneous vertigo
associated unilateral hearing loss
nystagmus

37
Q

vestibular neuritis investigations

A

Vestibular balance test, hearing test, head thrust test,

MRI

38
Q

acute vestibular neuritis treatment

A

sedatives

39
Q

chronic vestibular neuritis treatment

A

rehab

40
Q

facial nerve palsy symptoms

A

Unilateral face condition
twisted visage
whole side of face affected

41
Q

facial nerve palsy signs

A

Cannot close eyes or wrinkle brow

middle ear involvement

42
Q

facial nerve palsy investigations

A

Presence of symptoms
blood tests
X-ray
CT

43
Q

facial nerve palsy treatment

A

steroids and eye care

44
Q

hearing loss child signs

A 
Speech
 Problems
Behaviour issues
delivery issues
infection
45
Q

thyroglossal cysts signs and symptoms

A

Moves on tongue protrusion

grows with age

46
Q

thyroglossal cyst investigation

A

US

47
Q

pharyngeal pouch signs and symptoms

A

Voice hoarseness, dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, regurgitation, weight loss, neoplasia

48
Q

investigations in for a pharyngeal pouch

A

barium swallow

49
Q

pharyngeal pouch treatment

A

excision

50
Q

parathyroid disease inv.

A

Urea, electrolytes, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, bicarbonate, vit D, US, MRI, isotope scan

51
Q

branchial cyst signs and symptoms

A

Trans illuminates
anterior to SCM at junction between upper and middle thirds
may be enlarged and infected

52
Q

branchial cysts treatment

A

excision

53
Q

grave’s disease signs and symptoms

A

Thyroid eye disease, clubbing, pre-tibial myxoedema

54
Q

grave’s disease investigations

A

Thyroid function tests
XCR
Fine needle aspiration and biopsy + US

55
Q

grave’s disease treatment

A

Anti-thyroids, beta blockade, radio-iodine and surgery

head and neck anatomy (3 decks)

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