Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Robbins Pathology Respiratory(Chptr 15, 16) > Clinical > Flashcards

Clinical Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 things on XRay that will be seen in a to with pulmonary hypertension

A

1) Peripheral hypovascularity
2) Prominent central pulmonary artery
3) Right ventricular enlargement
4) Right descending pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cause of Pulmonary Hypertension group 1

A

Idiopathic and chronic tissue diseases (SLE or RA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cause of Pulmonary Hypertension group 2

A

Heart issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cause of Pulmonary Hypertension group 3

A

Lung issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the cause of Pulmonary Hypertension group 4

A

Emboli and thrombi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cause of Pulmonary Hypertension group 5

A

Everything else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Similarities between pulmonary hypertension and ischemic heart disease

A
  • Exertional dyspnea
  • Lack of associated symptoms
  • Elevation of BNP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which condition is indicated with an elevated P2 during auscultation

A

Pulmonary hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the patient history clues that can lead to diagnosis of sleep apnea

A
  • Motor vehicle accidents
  • Difficulty with memory
  • Obesity with depression
  • Snoring
  • Witnessing apnea
  • Large neck circumference
  • Nasal obstruction (nasal polyps)
  • Enlarged tonsils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

People with obstructive sleep apnea are at increased risk for which conditions

A
  • Cancer (2.5x)

- Cerebral vascular aneurysm (4x)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does a CPAP work

A

Increases the intraluminal airway pressure and FRC to keep the airways open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pockeickian syndrome

A

Aka obesity hypoventilation syndrome, where being overweight leads to appearance of COPD and other issues such as CHF and CAD

*Most have restrictive rather than obstructive lung issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the responsiveness to carbon dioxide in the pink puffer and the blue bloater

A

Blue bloater is unresponsive to carbon dioxide

Pink puffer is responsive to carbon dioxide, so makes the hyperventilate to breathe off the excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the indications home supplemental oxygen

A

-PaO2 <56 or 89% measures twice over 3 week period
-Pa)2 from 56-60 with:
Pulmonary HTN
CHF
Erythrocytosus >55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If you have a patient with pulmonary fibrosis presenting with low pleural glucose, what is the likely entity

A

RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When a patient presents with interstital lung disease with “shrinking lung” where the volumes keep decreasing, what is the underlying entity

A

SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the autoantibody seen in scleroderma that will commonly be seen with interstital lung disease

A

SCL-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the autoantibody present in scleroderma that is predicts a worst prognosis

A

Antinucleolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What autoantibody is present in SLE that correlates with nephritis

A

DsDNA (50-75%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common autoantibody seen in SLE

A

ANA (90-95%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the autoantibody that is present in those patients with drug induced SLE

A

Histones (>90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the common drugs that can lead to induced lung disease

A
  • Amioderone (treats cardiac issues)
  • Nitrofurantoin (treats UTI)
  • Bleomycin (treats germ line tumors such as testicular)
  • Busulfan (restrictive lung disease)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the drugs that are given/used for a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • Pirfenidone

- Nintedanib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This individuals who enjoy cave diving are known to have inhalation of which chemicals

A

Silica and bat guano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What conditions of the lung is commonly seen to have a pattern on chest X-ray that is diffuse, symmetrical, and bilateral

A

Acute interstital pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the combination of symptoms leading to the idea of Sarcoidosis

A
  • Erythema nodosum
  • Fever
  • Arthralgia
  • Hilar adenopathy (on CXR) usually bilaterally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What conditions is lymphangioleiomyomatosis associated with

A

Tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Most patients pediatric emergency arrests are due to which issue

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

At the door of assessment, what are the ABC’s

A

Appearance, breathing, circulation

30
Q

What is a classic sign in a child in respiratory distress

A

Somnolence or lethargy

31
Q

Stridor is heard with which portion of breathing

A

High pitched during inspiration

32
Q

What is Beck’s triad and what is it indicative for

A

Beck’s Triad seen in cardiac tamponade:

  • JVD
  • Muffled cardiac sounds
  • Hypotension
33
Q

If there is a retropharyngela abcess, which was is the uvula pointing

A

Towards you out of the mouth

34
Q

When is Croup commonly seen during the year

A

January to March

35
Q

What is Croup

A

Most common cause of infectious airway obstruction in ages 6-26months

36
Q

What is the common cause of croup

A

Parainfluenza virus

37
Q

What is the sound commonly heard with CROUP

A

Stridor

38
Q

Epiglottis is commonly seen due to which infectious agent

A

H. Influenza type B

39
Q

What condition is indicated by a patient with sickle cell anemia, fever, and a new infiltrate on CXR

A

Acute chest syndrome

40
Q

Which type of channel is a CFTR

A

CAMP regulated chloride channel

41
Q

What is the location of CFTR gene

A

Chromosome 7

42
Q

What is the timeline that bacteria infect a CF patient

A
  • S. Aureus early in life

- Pseudomonas later in life

43
Q

What is the most common cause of death in a patient with CF

A
  • Respiratory failure

- cor pulmonale

44
Q

Which nose condition can arise from from CF

A

Nasal polyps

45
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosis of CF

A
  • Positive newborn screening test

- elevated sweat chloride concentration on two or more occasions

46
Q

What is being tested in CF in neonates

A

-Immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)

47
Q

Which patients are more likely to have squamous cell carcinoma of the UAT

A

African American males age 60

48
Q

What are the clinical patient presentations that can indicate squamous cell carcinoma of the upper airways

A
  • Difficulty swallowing or intermittent choking
  • Tismus: Inability to open jaw due to compression of the trigeminal nerve
  • Ear pain
49
Q

What is pancoast syndrome

A

Superior sulcus tumor-a tumor located at the lung apex that compresses or invades the brachial plexus leading to shoulder pain or paresthesias along the C7-T1 dermatome

50
Q

What is the cause of Horner syndrome as a result of a mediastinal tumor

A

Growth compresses the stellate ganglion and causes anhydrosis of the face, ptosis of the eyelid, pupillary constriction

51
Q

What is superior vena cava syndrome

A

Blockage of the SVC due to neoplasm or something else. This will block the blood from being able to enter the SVC

52
Q

What is the efficacy of a PET scan for cancer

A

Higher predictably of the cancer versus just a benign disease

53
Q

What is the benefit of a fine needle aspiration (FNA)

A

Done with CT guidance, and is the procedure of choice for the peripheral lung lesions, with an accuracy of about 90%

54
Q

Which pathogen has the appearance of a friend egg when grown on selective agar

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

55
Q

What organism grows on chocolate agar

A

H. Influenza

Neisseria G

56
Q

Which organism has elementary bodies

A

Chlymidia (infectious form)

57
Q

What are the two organisms that have urinary antigens

A

Legionella and strep pneumonia

58
Q

What are the blood findings in a patient with mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Microcytic anemia

59
Q

Which drugs can not be given to mycoplasma

A

Penicillins and cephalosporins because no cell wall to act one

60
Q

What is the empiric treatment for a patient with community acquired pneumonia

A

Macrolides, or doxycycline if they can not handle those

61
Q

Which drug is used when there is a higher chance of restistance to antibiotics, or hospitalized patients (because a higher risk of resistance)

A

Flouroquinolones

62
Q

When will procalcitonin levels begin to rise

A

When there is a bacterial causes pneumonia

63
Q

Which organism grows on charcoal yeast extract agar

A

Legionella

64
Q

What are the characteristics of legionella

A

Gram negative bacillus, aerobic, flagellated

65
Q

Which organisms grow on MacConkey agar

A

Gram negative Lactose fermenters such as klebsiella pneumoniae

66
Q

What are the characteristics of H influenza

A

Gram negative coccobacillus

67
Q

What are the organisms that grow on chocolate agar

A

H influenza

Neisseria

68
Q

What organism will have coin lesion on CXR

A

Histo

69
Q

Bunyavirus are associated with which carrier

A

Rodents

70
Q

What are the symptoms seen with leptospirosis

A

High fevers, aseptic meningitis, jaundice

*Given through animals, so seen with vets

71
Q

What is the treatment timing for an active case of TB

A

6 months of treatment with monitoring via sputum samples

Robbins Pathology Respiratory(Chptr 15, 16) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions