Clinical

Question 1

What is the ABCD method for assessing moles?

Answer 1

Asymmetry
Borders (irregular)
Changing colour (esp blue/black)
Diameter (>0.6mm)

Question 2

What is the clinical term for a ‘birth mark’? describe the rash and what is it?

Answer 2

Cafe au lait spots.

• uniformly pigmented macule/patch
• benign unless >6 spots >1.5cm (this indicates neurofibromatosis)

Question 3

What is the likely diagnosis for hypopigmented, slightly scaly macules on the trunk, neck, & upper arms?
(ie. tan, flat, scaly lesions)

Answer 3

Tinea versicolor

Question 4

What is the appearance of herald lesions? what disease do they indicate?

Answer 4

red, oval, ringworm-like lesions.

• indicates Pityriasis Rosea

Question 5

What is the most likely diagnosis of silver scaly lesions found symmetrically on the body especially on the knees and elbows?

Answer 5

Psoriasis

Question 6

What type of rash appears mostly on flexor surfaces?

Answer 6

Atopic eczema (adult version)

Question 7

What is the most likely diagnosis for groups of vesicles on an erythematous base?

Answer 7

Herpes Simplex Virus

Question 8

What is acne?

Answer 8

Disorder of the pilosebaceous follicle:

• increased production of sebum
• increased proliferation of keratin at the follicle opening

Question 9

If you see spoon-shaped nails, what should you think of first as the cause?

Answer 9

Fe-deficiency

Question 10

If you see splinter hemorrhages, what should you think of first as the cause?

Answer 10

Rheumatic disease

Question 11

If you see pus oozing out of nail, what should you think of first as the cause?

Answer 11

Staph infection

Question 12

If there are visible pits in the nails, what is an important question to ask the patient and what do the results indicate?

Answer 12

Ask, ‘do your nails need to be cut more or less frequently?’

• more frequently ==> psoriasis

Question 13

What is the name for separation of the nail from the nail bed?

Answer 13

Onycholysis

Question 14

What is the name for build-up of soft yellow keratin under the nail?

Answer 14

Subungual hyperkeratosis

Question 15

What is the treatment for onychomycosis?

Answer 15

terbenafine or itraconazole PO

Question 16

What is the name for horizontal linear depressions in the nail plate (affecting all nails simulataneously)?

Answer 16

Beau’s grooves

Question 17

Vertical brown banding of nails is likely secondary to what? (give 2 answers)

Answer 17

Nevus or melanoma

Question 18

When would horizontal brown banding of nails be seen? (give 2 answers)

Answer 18

Addison’s disease or chemotherapy

Question 19

If an oral lesion has a white lacy border, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 19

Lichen planus

Question 20

What is the medical term for canker sores?

- what is the it called when these recur regularly?

Answer 20

Aphthous ulcers

• recurrent condition is called aphthous stomatitis

Question 21

What does involution mean?

Answer 21

The shrinking of an organ.

ex. catagen phase is also called the phase of involution

Question 22

What causes permanent hair loss?

Answer 22

Lichen planus or Lupus.

- both cause scarring of the scalp

Question 23

What are likely causes of hair breaking?

Answer 23

• Tinea capitis
• cosmetics
• hair shaft abnormality

Question 24

What are likely causes of hair loss affecting the roots?

Answer 24

• Telogen effluvium
• AGA
• Alopecia areata