CLIN SKILLS: Renal Systems Review

Question 1

renal systems review

Answer 1

• loin to groin pain: renal colic, dysuria
• lower urinary tract Sx
• amount of urine
• appearance of urine
• systemic: fever, oedema, chills, cachexia, itch (toxin buildup due to stones), N&V, bruising (nitrogen retention), fatigue, SOB

Question 2

lower urinary tract Sx to ask in renal systems review

Answer 2

• urinary frequency (of small volume)
• nocturia - urgency and frequency at night
• retention
• urgency - constant urge to urinate due to bladder hyperactivity
• pis-en-deux - starts urinating, stops midstream, then has to wait and start again
• hesitancy - takes a while to start the stream
• dribbling
• poor stream
• incontinence

Question 3

renal systems review questions regarding amount of urine

Answer 3

• polyuria = increased urine output
• oliguria = decreased urine output
• anuria = no urine output
• (these refer to urine output for the whole day, not just per urination)

Question 4

renal systems review questions regarding appearance of urine

Answer 4

• colour
• frothy
• smell
• haematuria