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Clin Phys 1 > Clin Phys Week 9 E > Flashcards

Clin Phys Week 9 E Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of arterial and venous walls? Briefly describe each

A

Tunica interna (intima) - endothelial layer that lines the lumen of all vessels

Tunica media - smooth muscle the elastic fibre layer, regulated by sympathetic nervous system (controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation)

Tunica externa - contains collagen fibres protect and reinforce the vessels

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2
Q

What is the lumen?

A

Central blood-containing space surrounded by tunics

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3
Q

What are capillaries composed of?

A

Endothelium with a sparse basal lamina

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4
Q

What is blood flow?

A

The actual volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or the entire circulation (tissue) in a given period of time. (equivalent to CO) (ml/min)

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5
Q

Define perfusion

A

Rate of blood flow per given mass of tissue (ml/min/g)

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6
Q

What is blood flow velocity?

A

A measurement of the rate of which blood flows through a particular vessel (cm/min)

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7
Q

What is laminar flow? What causes it?

A

When blood flows in streamlines. Caused by the outside layers in contact with the wall adhering and the inner layers slipping over each other

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8
Q

What causes turbulent blood flow?

A

This occurs when blood is passing an obstruction, makes a sharp turn or increases in velocity

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9
Q

What does Q represent in terms of the hydrodynamics of fluid flow?

A

Q = flow

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10
Q

What does P represent in terms of the hydrodynamics of fluid flow?

A

Difference in pressure

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11
Q

What does R represent in terms of the hydrodynamics of fluid flow?

A

Resistance to pressure

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12
Q

What is the equation for fluid flow according to hydrodynamics?

A

Q = P/R

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13
Q

What is the formula Q = P2-P1 = P? Describe what it means.

A

Flow = Pressure 2 (pressure at the start of the vessel) - Pressure 1 (pressure at the end of the vessel) = Difference of pressure

It means the pressure difference between 2 end of the vessel creates flow along pressure gradient

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14
Q

What does SPR mean?

A

Systemic peripheral resistance

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15
Q

What does TPR mean?

A

Total peripheral resistance

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16
Q

What are the 4 main factors that impact resistance?

A
  • Amount of fluid in the system (CO)
  • Blood viscosity
  • Vessel length
  • Vessel diameter
17
Q

How does vessel length impact resistance?

A

The longer the vessel the greater the resistance

18
Q

How does the amount of fluid in the system (CO) impact resistance?

A

The more fluid in the system, the greater the resistance

19
Q

What resistance factors remain relatively constant?

A

Blood viscosity - stickiness of the blood

Blood vessel length

20
Q

What does TR = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 mean?

A

It means the total resistance of the system is the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances.

21
Q

By how much does resistance vary with vessel radius?

A

The resistance varies inversely with the fourth power of vessel radius. e.g. If the radius is doubled, the resistance is 1/16 as much

22
Q

What blood vessels does the sympathetic nervous system act on?

A

Small arteries

Arterioles

Venules

Veins

23
Q

What is the rate of flow through the system at rest normally? (assuming CO is 6l/min)

A

100ml/sec

24
Q

What is vascular compliance? What is the formula for it?

A

The total quantity of blood able to be stored in a given portion of the circulation for each mmHg rise. vascular compliance = increase in volume = increase in pressure

25
Q

How much more vascular compliance do systemic veins have compared to its corresponding artery?

A

24 times

26
Q

What is systemic blood pressure measured in?

A

mmHg

27
Q

What is systems blood pressure?

A

The force exerted by blood against any unit area of blood vessel wall.

28
Q

Where is systemic pressure highest?

A

The aorta

29
Q

What is the systemic blood pressure in the right atrium?

A

0 mmHg

30
Q

Where does the steepest change in systemic blood pressure occur?

A

In the arterioles

31
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Pressure exerted on arterial walls during ventricular contraction

32
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

The lowest level of arterial pressure during a ventricular cycle

33
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

34
Q

What is mean arterial pressure? What is its formula?

A

The average pressure through each cycle of the heart beat

MAP = CO x TPR

35
Q

What values does the capillary blood pressure range between?

A

20-40mmHg

36
Q

What factors increased venous return?

A

Increased blood volume

Increased large vessel tone

Dilation of the arterioles

37
Q

What is the venous pressure at the feet when a person is standing? (approx)

A

90mmHg

38
Q

What factors aid venous return?

A

Respiratory pump - pressure changes created during breathing suck blood towards the heart by squeezing local veinsMuscular pump - contraction of muscles push blood towards heart

39
Q
A

Clin Phys 1 (11 decks)

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