Clin Path Lab Final Flashcards
what is this ??
Ecchinocytes
- EVENLY short spicules
can be caused by
- Crenation Artifact ( slow drying)
- In vivo formation ( e. imbalance, kidney disease, rattlesnack envenom)
What is this
Schistocytes
Fragmented RBCs
-formed from: Intravascular trauma ( DIC, Vascular tumors) and Iron Deficieny
What is this ??
Keratocyte
” Purse Cells”
- spicules formed by open blisters
- Seen with: Iron Deficieny ( dog and cat)
What is this ?
Spherocyte
” Beach Ball”
- NO CENTRAL PALOR
- seen with IMHA
What is this ?
Eccentrocytes
Hg unilateral- clear zone on 1 side
-seen with: Oxidative damage, Onion Injestions
** can be seen with Heinz Bodies
What is this? What stain is used?
Heinz bodies
- Wrights stain
- Via Oxidative Denaturation of Hg
What is this ?
What stain is used ?
Heinz Body
- New methylene blue stain
What is this? When is it normal ?
Basophilic Stippling
- normal aggregation of ribosomes
- normal in ruminants
- in cats & dogs= regenerative anemia and consider lead poisoning
What is this ?
Howell Jolly Bodies
What is the agent ??
Mycoplasma haemofelis
In a dog: what is this agent ?
Mycoplasma Haemocanis
What is the agent ??
Cytauxzoon felis
in a dog- what is this agent ?
Babesia canis
In a dog- what is this ??
Babesia gibsoni
In a cow- what is this agent
Mycoplasma wenyoni
What is this agent ??
Anaplasma marginale
What is this cell ?
Mesothelial cell
What cell is this ?
Acanthocyte
- UNEVENLY spaced projections ( change in lipid in RBCs)
- cats= hepatic lipidosis
- dogs= hemangiosarcoma
What is this cell called ?
Schistocytes
- fragmented RBCs
- Intravascular trauma(DIC, vascular tumors) and Iron Deficency
Sensitivity of PCR for Lymphoma is 91%, what does
this mean ??
tests rules OUT a disease (“ SNOUT”)
= 91% of (+) animals will come up (+)
BUT the other 9% thats listed as neg might be false neg
* looking at how much of the % could be a false (-)
A highly specific disease
when its highly specific, a (+) means its most likely (+)
-Helps rule in a disease ( SPIN IT IN)
Tell me about this tube
” Red” - NO anticoagulant
- blood is expected to clot = serum used( serum not have clotting factors)
- serum used for biochemical profile and many others
Tell me anout this tube
” Red/Black”= “ Tiger-top”” Marble Top”- Serum Separator
-gel promotes blood clot formation & separtes cells from serum
USED FOR:
- chem analysis
- serology
- NOT for drug levels, hormones or toxin analysis
Tell me about this
- Lavender/purple = EDTA
- EDTA with a K+ salt
- Anticoag, Ca+ chelator = prevents plts from having a surface to
bind up cause uses up Ca+
- Preserves cell morphology
- USED FOR:
- CBC
- Fibrinogen
- Reticulocyte count
- Buffy coat analysis
- Fluid analysis
- coombs test
- PCR
- Endogenous ACTH
What about this tube
Green- Heparin
- heparin is an anticoagulant, inhibits thrombin
- contains fibrinogen = IF LOOKING AT FIBRINOGEN DO NOT USE *
USED FOR:
- Chem panel
- avain/reptile CBC & chem panel
- COPS
- measure electrolytes
What is this tube used for ?
Blue- Citrate
-Anticoagulant, Ca+ chelator
USED FOR:
- Coagulation tests ( PT, aPTT, FDP)
- PIVKA ( potassium test)
- Antithrombin
- coag factors
- Von. Will. Factor
What about this tube ?
Gray- Sodium Fluoride Oxalate
- Anticoagulant, Ca+ chelator
- inhibits glucose metabolis= fluoride inhibits glycolysis
USED FOR:
-plasma for serial glucose, lactate & pyruvate
Tell me whats up with all the plasma appearance here
N: normal
H: (red) Severely hemolyzed
h: (pink) mildly hemolyzed
Y: (yellow) icteris in dog & cat// normal in horse and cow
W: (white) lipemic
What is this ?
Granulocytic Leukemia ( Neutrophilic)
What is this? what are the red arrows pointing to ?
Granulocytic Leukemia
- red arrows: nucleoli
What do you think about this ??
Megakaryoblastic Leukemia
What is this showing ?
Increased Basophilia and Dohle Bodies
= toxic neutrophils
What is this? Whats the arrow pointing to ?
INcreased basophilia
dohle bodies
=toxic neutrophils
What is this ? Whats meaning ?
Neutrophil Hypersegmentation
- relatively unimportant finding
Whats going on here ??
Neutrophil Degeneration
-neutrophils not in circulation ( usually doing their job)
If an animal comes with progessive neuro signs and see lymphocytes like
this what would you think ??
= Lysosomal storage disorder
Whats this cell and whats it making ?
Megakaryocyte making platlets
What are these ??
Plasma cells
What is this ??
Mott cells
What about this
Mast cells
What is this
Histoplasma capsulatum
What is this ?
Coccidioides immitis
What is this and what does it mean ?
Mesothelial cells
- all body cavities are lined by 1 layer of methelium cells
- the cells undergo rapid dividing=meet many of the criteria of malignancy
=hard to ID mesothelial cell vs neoplastic epi cells
- sometimes layer become thickened and cells shed off
what cells are these?
” Bearded” Mesothelial cells that have just divided
- only 10% of them will look like this, but when they do
its helpful for diagnosis
What about these? What stain ?
Mesothelial cells
-new methylene blue
Took an aspirate from body cavity - what are you thinking ?
sheet of Mesothelial cells
-normal thing to be seen when going through a mesothelial surface
What about this ?? ( red arrow)
This is a reactive mesothelial cells = impossible to tell from a
neoplastic cell **
Whats going on with these cells ?? Makes you think what ?
These are degenerated neutrophils with bact in them
-thinking they are cleaning up some
type of suppurative inflammation
What is this ?
Bile pigment
Whats this ??
Carcinoma cells ( bi-nucleate)
What ya think about this?
Carcinoma cells
What is this showing
Nuclear streaming ( broken cell)
What is this/ where does it come from ??
Contamination from our gloves **
What is this?? What does it mean ??
Stain sediment ( what happens when we
dont change out the stain often enough)
What is all this purple stuff ??
Ultra sound gel
What is this ??
Cryptococcus neoformans
What is this agent ??
Aspergillus
What is this ??
Malassezia
What is the arrow pointing to ??
Hematoidin crystal - a RBC breakdown product
What is this ??
A mott cell- “ Russel Body” ( a constipated plasma cell)
Urine Sample= What is this ?
Squamous Epithelial cells
- largest, thin, transparent, angular/folded
- seen in free catch and rarely pathogenic
* could be seen with sertoli cell tumors **
What is this ?
Squamous Epithelial cells
- largest, thin, transparent, angular/folded
- seen in free catch and rarely pathogenic
* could be seen with sertoli cell tumors **
What about this woman
Squamous Epithelial cells
- largest, thin, transparent, angular/folded
- seen in free catch and rarely pathogenic
* could be seen with sertoli cell tumors **
What about these cells in the urine ?
- caudate cells ( cone shaped)
- seen with pyelonephritis
Cells in urine - what are they ??
Renal Tubular Epi cells
-seen with renal tubular injury ( infectious, toxic & ischemic )
Name each of these epitheial cells found in the urine
Top= Squamous
Middle= Transitional
Bottom- Renal
This is found in the urine- what is it ? what does it mean ?
Capillaria plica ova
-incidental finding
What are these in the urine ? What causes them ?
Struvite crystals “ Triple phosphate “ “ Magnesium ammonium phosphate”
- can be found in clinical normal animals
- likes to form in alkaline pH
What be this in the urine? what does it MEAANNNNN
Struvite crystals “ Triple phosphate “ “ Magnesium ammonium phosphate”
- can be found in clinical normal animals
- likes to form in alkaline pH
This is in the urine- what be this gypsy ?
Bilirubin
- orange/copper granules
- dogs= low number in highly concentrated urine is NORMAL
- ABNORMAL IN ALL OTHER SPECIES**( worried about icterus)
What about this gypsy ?
Bilirubin
- orange/copper granules
- dogs= low number in highly concentrated urine is NORMAL
- ABNORMAL IN ALL OTHER SPECIES**( worried about icterus)
What is this thingy that was found in the peee
Calcium Carbonate
- NORMAL in horses, rabbits, g-pigs & goats
- NOT seen in dogs and cats
What about this in the peeee
Calcium Carbonate
- NORMAL in horses, rabbits, g-pigs & goats
- NOT seen in dogs and cats
What about this sediment thingy in the urine ??
Amorphous
-NO clinical significane *
What about this thing that was found in the urine ?
Calcium oxalate dihydrate
- NORMAL in domestic animals
- storage atrifact
** think there is a problem if its fresh sample and animal is sick *
And this thing in the pee
Calcium oxalate dihydrate
- NORMAL in domestic animals
- storage atrifact
** think there is a problem if its fresh sample and animal is sick *
WHat if you find this in the pee?
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate
- can be seen in healthy animals ( esp horses)
- can be seen with * ETHYLENE GLYCOL TOXICOSIS
What about this in the pee
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate
- can be seen in healthy animals ( esp horses)
- can be seen with * ETHYLENE GLYCOL TOXICOSIS
What is this stuff in the urine ?
Ammonium Buurate (urate)
- ” Thorn Apples”
- likes to form in acidic urine
- normal finding in dalmations, english bulldogs
- suggest liver disease ( seen with low BUN and high NH3) & port. shunts
What is this found in the urine
Ammonium Buurate (urate)
- ” Thorn Apples”
- likes to form in acidic urine
- normal finding in dalmations, english bulldogs
- suggest liver disease ( seen with low BUN and high NH3) & port. shunts
WHAT about This in the PEeE
Hyaline Cast
-indicates proteinuria of renal or extra-renal dz
= glomerular disease/ bence jones proteinuria
What you think about this in the pee?
Epithelial casts and fatty casts
- ACTIVE tubular degeneration /necrosis
- renal ischemia/toxic nephrosis
What about this thingy found in the pee
Waxy casts - RARE
- see them if there is a problem - associated with CRF
