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Clin Path Lab Final > Clin Path Lab Final > Flashcards

Clin Path Lab Final Flashcards

1
Q

what is this ??

A

Ecchinocytes

  • EVENLY short spicules

can be caused by

  1. Crenation Artifact ( slow drying)
  2. In vivo formation ( e. imbalance, kidney disease, rattlesnack envenom)
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2
Q

What is this

A

Schistocytes

Fragmented RBCs

-formed from: Intravascular trauma ( DIC, Vascular tumors) and Iron Deficieny

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3
Q

What is this ??

A

Keratocyte

” Purse Cells”

  • spicules formed by open blisters
  • Seen with: Iron Deficieny ( dog and cat)
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4
Q

What is this ?

A

Spherocyte

” Beach Ball”

  • NO CENTRAL PALOR
  • seen with IMHA
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5
Q

What is this ?

A

Eccentrocytes

Hg unilateral- clear zone on 1 side

-seen with: Oxidative damage, Onion Injestions

** can be seen with Heinz Bodies

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6
Q

What is this? What stain is used?

A

Heinz bodies

  • Wrights stain
  • Via Oxidative Denaturation of Hg
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7
Q

What is this ?

What stain is used ?

A

Heinz Body

  • New methylene blue stain
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8
Q

What is this? When is it normal ?

A

Basophilic Stippling

  • normal aggregation of ribosomes
  • normal in ruminants
  • in cats & dogs= regenerative anemia and consider lead poisoning
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9
Q

What is this ?

A

Howell Jolly Bodies

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10
Q

What is the agent ??

A

Mycoplasma haemofelis

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11
Q

In a dog: what is this agent ?

A

Mycoplasma Haemocanis

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12
Q

What is the agent ??

A

Cytauxzoon felis

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13
Q

in a dog- what is this agent ?

A

Babesia canis

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14
Q

In a dog- what is this ??

A

Babesia gibsoni

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15
Q

In a cow- what is this agent

A

Mycoplasma wenyoni

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16
Q

What is this agent ??

A

Anaplasma marginale

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17
Q

What is this cell ?

A

Mesothelial cell

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18
Q

What cell is this ?

A

Acanthocyte

  • UNEVENLY spaced projections ( change in lipid in RBCs)
  • cats= hepatic lipidosis
  • dogs= hemangiosarcoma
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19
Q

What is this cell called ?

A

Schistocytes

  • fragmented RBCs
  • Intravascular trauma(DIC, vascular tumors) and Iron Deficency
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20
Q

Sensitivity of PCR for Lymphoma is 91%, what does

this mean ??

A

tests rules OUT a disease (“ SNOUT”)

= 91% of (+) animals will come up (+)

BUT the other 9% thats listed as neg might be false neg

* looking at how much of the % could be a false (-)

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21
Q

A highly specific disease

A

when its highly specific, a (+) means its most likely (+)

-Helps rule in a disease ( SPIN IT IN)

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22
Q

Tell me about this tube

A

” Red” - NO anticoagulant

  • blood is expected to clot = serum used( serum not have clotting factors)
  • serum used for biochemical profile and many others
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23
Q

Tell me anout this tube

A

” Red/Black”= “ Tiger-top”” Marble Top”- Serum Separator

-gel promotes blood clot formation & separtes cells from serum

USED FOR:

  • chem analysis
  • serology
  • NOT for drug levels, hormones or toxin analysis
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24
Q

Tell me about this

A
  • Lavender/purple = EDTA
  • EDTA with a K+ salt
  • Anticoag, Ca+ chelator = prevents plts from having a surface to

bind up cause uses up Ca+

  • Preserves cell morphology
  • USED FOR:
  • CBC
  • Fibrinogen
  • Reticulocyte count
  • Buffy coat analysis
  • Fluid analysis
  • coombs test
  • PCR
  • Endogenous ACTH
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25
Q

What about this tube

A

Green- Heparin

  • heparin is an anticoagulant, inhibits thrombin
  • contains fibrinogen = IF LOOKING AT FIBRINOGEN DO NOT USE *

USED FOR:

  • Chem panel
  • avain/reptile CBC & chem panel
  • COPS
  • measure electrolytes
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26
Q

What is this tube used for ?

A

Blue- Citrate

-Anticoagulant, Ca+ chelator

USED FOR:

  • Coagulation tests ( PT, aPTT, FDP)
  • PIVKA ( potassium test)
  • Antithrombin
  • coag factors
  • Von. Will. Factor
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27
Q

What about this tube ?

A

Gray- Sodium Fluoride Oxalate

  • Anticoagulant, Ca+ chelator
  • inhibits glucose metabolis= fluoride inhibits glycolysis

USED FOR:

-plasma for serial glucose, lactate & pyruvate

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28
Q

Tell me whats up with all the plasma appearance here

A

N: normal

H: (red) Severely hemolyzed

h: (pink) mildly hemolyzed

Y: (yellow) icteris in dog & cat// normal in horse and cow

W: (white) lipemic

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29
Q

What is this ?

A

Granulocytic Leukemia ( Neutrophilic)

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30
Q

What is this? what are the red arrows pointing to ?

A

Granulocytic Leukemia

  • red arrows: nucleoli
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31
Q

What do you think about this ??

A

Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

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32
Q

What is this showing ?

A

Increased Basophilia and Dohle Bodies

= toxic neutrophils

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33
Q

What is this? Whats the arrow pointing to ?

A

INcreased basophilia

dohle bodies

=toxic neutrophils

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34
Q

What is this ? Whats meaning ?

A

Neutrophil Hypersegmentation

  • relatively unimportant finding
35
Q

Whats going on here ??

A

Neutrophil Degeneration

-neutrophils not in circulation ( usually doing their job)

36
Q

If an animal comes with progessive neuro signs and see lymphocytes like

this what would you think ??

A

= Lysosomal storage disorder

37
Q

Whats this cell and whats it making ?

A

Megakaryocyte making platlets

38
Q

What are these ??

A

Plasma cells

39
Q

What is this ??

A

Mott cells

40
Q

What about this

A

Mast cells

41
Q

What is this

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

42
Q

What is this ?

A

Coccidioides immitis

43
Q

What is this and what does it mean ?

A

Mesothelial cells

  • all body cavities are lined by 1 layer of methelium cells
  • the cells undergo rapid dividing=meet many of the criteria of malignancy

=hard to ID mesothelial cell vs neoplastic epi cells

  • sometimes layer become thickened and cells shed off
44
Q

what cells are these?

A

” Bearded” Mesothelial cells that have just divided

  • only 10% of them will look like this, but when they do

its helpful for diagnosis

45
Q

What about these? What stain ?

A

Mesothelial cells

-new methylene blue

46
Q

Took an aspirate from body cavity - what are you thinking ?

A

sheet of Mesothelial cells

-normal thing to be seen when going through a mesothelial surface

47
Q

What about this ?? ( red arrow)

A

This is a reactive mesothelial cells = impossible to tell from a

neoplastic cell **

48
Q

Whats going on with these cells ?? Makes you think what ?

A

These are degenerated neutrophils with bact in them

-thinking they are cleaning up some

type of suppurative inflammation

49
Q

What is this ?

A

Bile pigment

50
Q

Whats this ??

A

Carcinoma cells ( bi-nucleate)

51
Q

What ya think about this?

A

Carcinoma cells

52
Q

What is this showing

A

Nuclear streaming ( broken cell)

53
Q

What is this/ where does it come from ??

A

Contamination from our gloves **

54
Q

What is this?? What does it mean ??

A

Stain sediment ( what happens when we

dont change out the stain often enough)

55
Q

What is all this purple stuff ??

A

Ultra sound gel

56
Q

What is this ??

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

57
Q

What is this agent ??

A

Aspergillus

58
Q

What is this ??

A

Malassezia

59
Q

What is the arrow pointing to ??

A

Hematoidin crystal - a RBC breakdown product

60
Q

What is this ??

A

A mott cell- “ Russel Body” ( a constipated plasma cell)

61
Q

Urine Sample= What is this ?

A

Squamous Epithelial cells

  • largest, thin, transparent, angular/folded
  • seen in free catch and rarely pathogenic

* could be seen with sertoli cell tumors **

62
Q

What is this ?

A

Squamous Epithelial cells

  • largest, thin, transparent, angular/folded
  • seen in free catch and rarely pathogenic

* could be seen with sertoli cell tumors **

63
Q

What about this woman

A

Squamous Epithelial cells

  • largest, thin, transparent, angular/folded
  • seen in free catch and rarely pathogenic

* could be seen with sertoli cell tumors **

64
Q

What about these cells in the urine ?

A
  • caudate cells ( cone shaped)
  • seen with pyelonephritis
65
Q

Cells in urine - what are they ??

A

Renal Tubular Epi cells

-seen with renal tubular injury ( infectious, toxic & ischemic )

66
Q

Name each of these epitheial cells found in the urine

A

Top= Squamous

Middle= Transitional

Bottom- Renal

67
Q

This is found in the urine- what is it ? what does it mean ?

A

Capillaria plica ova

-incidental finding

68
Q

What are these in the urine ? What causes them ?

A

Struvite crystals “ Triple phosphate “ “ Magnesium ammonium phosphate”

  • can be found in clinical normal animals
  • likes to form in alkaline pH
69
Q

What be this in the urine? what does it MEAANNNNN

A

Struvite crystals “ Triple phosphate “ “ Magnesium ammonium phosphate”

  • can be found in clinical normal animals
  • likes to form in alkaline pH
70
Q

This is in the urine- what be this gypsy ?

A

Bilirubin

  • orange/copper granules
  • dogs= low number in highly concentrated urine is NORMAL
  • ABNORMAL IN ALL OTHER SPECIES**( worried about icterus)
71
Q

What about this gypsy ?

A

Bilirubin

  • orange/copper granules
  • dogs= low number in highly concentrated urine is NORMAL
  • ABNORMAL IN ALL OTHER SPECIES**( worried about icterus)
72
Q

What is this thingy that was found in the peee

A

Calcium Carbonate

  • NORMAL in horses, rabbits, g-pigs & goats
  • NOT seen in dogs and cats
73
Q

What about this in the peeee

A

Calcium Carbonate

  • NORMAL in horses, rabbits, g-pigs & goats
  • NOT seen in dogs and cats
74
Q

What about this sediment thingy in the urine ??

A

Amorphous

-NO clinical significane *

75
Q

What about this thing that was found in the urine ?

A

Calcium oxalate dihydrate

  • NORMAL in domestic animals
  • storage atrifact

** think there is a problem if its fresh sample and animal is sick *

76
Q

And this thing in the pee

A

Calcium oxalate dihydrate

  • NORMAL in domestic animals
  • storage atrifact

** think there is a problem if its fresh sample and animal is sick *

77
Q

WHat if you find this in the pee?

A

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

  • can be seen in healthy animals ( esp horses)
  • can be seen with * ETHYLENE GLYCOL TOXICOSIS
78
Q

What about this in the pee

A

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

  • can be seen in healthy animals ( esp horses)
  • can be seen with * ETHYLENE GLYCOL TOXICOSIS
79
Q

What is this stuff in the urine ?

A

Ammonium Buurate (urate)

  • ” Thorn Apples”
  • likes to form in acidic urine
  • normal finding in dalmations, english bulldogs
  • suggest liver disease ( seen with low BUN and high NH3) & port. shunts
80
Q

What is this found in the urine

A

Ammonium Buurate (urate)

  • ” Thorn Apples”
  • likes to form in acidic urine
  • normal finding in dalmations, english bulldogs
  • suggest liver disease ( seen with low BUN and high NH3) & port. shunts
81
Q

WHAT about This in the PEeE

A

Hyaline Cast

-indicates proteinuria of renal or extra-renal dz

= glomerular disease/ bence jones proteinuria

82
Q

What you think about this in the pee?

A

Epithelial casts and fatty casts

  • ACTIVE tubular degeneration /necrosis
  • renal ischemia/toxic nephrosis
83
Q

What about this thingy found in the pee

A

Waxy casts - RARE

  • see them if there is a problem - associated with CRF
84
Q
A

Clin Path Lab Final (1 decks)

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