Clin Med Buzzwords and DDx Flashcards by Jerrica Park

Ddx for floaters

Retinal detachment
Posterior uveitis
Migraine aura

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Cherry red macula

Central retinal artery occlusion

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Boxcar retinal vessels

Central retinal artery occlusion

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Blood and thunder retinal hemorrhages

Central retinal vein occlusion

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Need for reading glasses

Presbyopia

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“Forties, female, and fluffy”

Pseudotumor cerebri

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Nausea and vomiting with sudden loss of vision

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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Halos with sudden ocular pain

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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Corkscrew retinal vessels

Anterior uveitis

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Cup:Disc < 0.5

Normal ratio

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Cup:Disc > 0.5

Open angle glaucoma

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<20 mmHg

Normal intraocular pressure

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21-30 mmHg

Intraocular pressure in open angle glaucoma

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> 30 mmHg

Intraocular pressure in acute angle closure glaucoma

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Drusen

Dry macular degeneration

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Geographic atrophy

Dry macular degeneration

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Neovascularization

Wet macular degeneration OR

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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Cotton wool spots

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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Dot hemorrhages

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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Watery discharge from eyes and lymphoid follicles

Viral conjunctivitis

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Purulent discharge from eyes

Bacterial conjunctivitis

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Hyperpurulent discharge from eyes

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

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Poor living conditions; affects eyes

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

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HSV Keratitis

DO NOT use steroids!!

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Decreased corneal sensitivity

Keratitis

Dendritic branching

HSV keratitis

Fox shield

Globe rupture- use to protect eye during immediate referral

Triangular shape on eye

Pterygium

Recent injury to eye

Consider preseptal cellulitis

Proptosis

Orbital cellulitis

Trauma + eye drifting superiorly

Suspicion for blowout (orbital floor) fracture

DDx for APD

``` Optic neuritis III Nerve palsy Severe retinal detachment Severe CRVO Severe CRAO ```

AV nicking

Hypertensive retinopathy

Painless nodule on eyelid

Chalazion

Painful nodule on eyelid

Hordeolum

DDx for otorrhea

``` Otitis externa TM rupture (may be bloody) Cholesteatoma ```

Complications of AOM

TM rupture | Mastoidosis

Otitis externa in pt with uncontrolled DM

Possible complications: Osteomyelitis of temporal or mastoid bones CN palsies

Bulging TM

AOM

Bubbles behind TM

Otitis media with effusion

Complication of cholesteatoma

Mastoiditis

Metallic unknown object in any orifice

Assume it's a battery, don't touch it, emergent referral

Acute vertigo + hearing loss

Labyrinthitis (1st episode) | Meniere's Disease (dx after 2nd episode)

Sudden vertigo

Vestibular neuritis

Sudden unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

MRI to r/o vestibular schwannoma

Meniere's triad

Vertigo Tinnitus/fullness Hearing loss

Ice cream cone on MRI

Acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma

Vestibular schwannoma in child

Workup for neurofibromatosis

DDx for cobblestoning

Acute viral sinusitis Chronic sinusitis Allergic rhinitis

Nasal polyps

Associated with recurrent bacterial sinusitis | Associated with allergic rhinitis

Complications of bacterial sinusitis

Meningitis Mastoiditis Orbital cellulitis

Purulent nasal discharge

Bacterial sinusitis

Immunoglobulin deficiency in CVID

IgG

Pale, boggy or violaceous turbinates

Allergic rhinitis

Dennie morgan lines

Allergic rhinitis

Mouth breathers

Allergic rhinitis | Enlarged adenoids

Erythematous turbinates

Infectious sinusitis

DDx for anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

Acute viral sinusitis | Strep pharyngitis

Can't stand perfumes

Non-allergic rhinitis

Septal hematoma

Immediate drainage, otherwise saddle nose can occur

Unilateral runny nose in a child

Foreign body until proven otherwise

Pt with leukemia and nosebleed

High risk of bleeding out

Use of smokeless tobacco products in patient

Suspect leukoplakia

Erythema in oral cavity with steroid inhaler use

Atrophic candidiasis

Erythema in oral cavity with denture use

Atrophic candidiasis

Vesicular lesions on non-keratinized mucosa

Herpetiform aphthous ulcers

Vesicular lesions on keratinized mucosa

Oral HSV | Keratinized mucosa = palate and gingiva

Steeple sign

Croup

Coryza, conjunctivitis, and cough

Viral pharyngitis

Splenomegaly

Mono

Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy

Mono

Petechiae of palate

Strep pharyngitis

Thumb sign

Epiglottitis

Cleft palate

Don't take adenoids out!!

Deviated uvula

Peritonsillar abscess

Trismus

Peritonsillar abscess

Child who WILL NOT lay down

Either he's just being a kid, or if you're studying for an HEENT module exam, suspect a deep neck infection

Child presenting with neck flexion

Suspect retropharyngeal abscess

Child presenting with neck extension

Suspect epiglottitis