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HEENT > Clin Med Buzzwords and DDx > Flashcards

Clin Med Buzzwords and DDx Flashcards

1
Q

Ddx for floaters

A

Retinal detachment
Posterior uveitis
Migraine aura

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2
Q

Cherry red macula

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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3
Q

Boxcar retinal vessels

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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4
Q

Blood and thunder retinal hemorrhages

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

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5
Q

Need for reading glasses

A

Presbyopia

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6
Q

“Forties, female, and fluffy”

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

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7
Q

Nausea and vomiting with sudden loss of vision

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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8
Q

Halos with sudden ocular pain

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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9
Q

Corkscrew retinal vessels

A

Anterior uveitis

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10
Q

Cup:Disc < 0.5

A

Normal ratio

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11
Q

Cup:Disc > 0.5

A

Open angle glaucoma

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12
Q

<20 mmHg

A

Normal intraocular pressure

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13
Q

21-30 mmHg

A

Intraocular pressure in open angle glaucoma

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14
Q

> 30 mmHg

A

Intraocular pressure in acute angle closure glaucoma

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15
Q

Drusen

A

Dry macular degeneration

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16
Q

Geographic atrophy

A

Dry macular degeneration

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17
Q

Neovascularization

A

Wet macular degeneration OR

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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18
Q

Cotton wool spots

A

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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19
Q

Dot hemorrhages

A

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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20
Q

Watery discharge from eyes and lymphoid follicles

A

Viral conjunctivitis

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21
Q

Purulent discharge from eyes

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

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22
Q

Hyperpurulent discharge from eyes

A

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

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23
Q

Poor living conditions; affects eyes

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

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24
Q

HSV Keratitis

A

DO NOT use steroids!!

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25
Q

Decreased corneal sensitivity

A

Keratitis

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26
Q

Dendritic branching

A

HSV keratitis

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27
Q

Fox shield

A

Globe rupture- use to protect eye during immediate referral

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28
Q

Triangular shape on eye

A

Pterygium

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29
Q

Recent injury to eye

A

Consider preseptal cellulitis

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30
Q

Proptosis

A

Orbital cellulitis

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31
Q

Trauma + eye drifting superiorly

A

Suspicion for blowout (orbital floor) fracture

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32
Q

DDx for APD

A 
Optic neuritis
III Nerve palsy
Severe retinal detachment
Severe CRVO
Severe CRAO
33
Q

AV nicking

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

34
Q

Painless nodule on eyelid

35
Q

Painful nodule on eyelid

36
Q

DDx for otorrhea

A 
Otitis externa
TM rupture (may be bloody)
Cholesteatoma
37
Q

Complications of AOM

A

TM rupture

Mastoidosis

38
Q

Otitis externa in pt with uncontrolled DM

A

Possible complications:
Osteomyelitis of temporal or mastoid bones
CN palsies

39
Q

Bulging TM

40
Q

Bubbles behind TM

A

Otitis media with effusion

41
Q

Complication of cholesteatoma

A

Mastoiditis

42
Q

Metallic unknown object in any orifice

A

Assume it’s a battery, don’t touch it, emergent referral

43
Q

Acute vertigo + hearing loss

A

Labyrinthitis (1st episode)

Meniere’s Disease (dx after 2nd episode)

44
Q

Sudden vertigo

A

Vestibular neuritis

45
Q

Sudden unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

A

MRI to r/o vestibular schwannoma

46
Q

Meniere’s triad

A

Vertigo
Tinnitus/fullness
Hearing loss

47
Q

Ice cream cone on MRI

A

Acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma

48
Q

Vestibular schwannoma in child

A

Workup for neurofibromatosis

49
Q

DDx for cobblestoning

A

Acute viral sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis
Allergic rhinitis

50
Q

Nasal polyps

A

Associated with recurrent bacterial sinusitis

Associated with allergic rhinitis

51
Q

Complications of bacterial sinusitis

A

Meningitis
Mastoiditis
Orbital cellulitis

52
Q

Purulent nasal discharge

A

Bacterial sinusitis

53
Q

Immunoglobulin deficiency in CVID

54
Q

Pale, boggy or violaceous turbinates

A

Allergic rhinitis

55
Q

Dennie morgan lines

A

Allergic rhinitis

56
Q

Mouth breathers

A

Allergic rhinitis

Enlarged adenoids

57
Q

Erythematous turbinates

A

Infectious sinusitis

58
Q

DDx for anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

A

Acute viral sinusitis

Strep pharyngitis

59
Q

Can’t stand perfumes

A

Non-allergic rhinitis

60
Q

Septal hematoma

A

Immediate drainage, otherwise saddle nose can occur

61
Q

Unilateral runny nose in a child

A

Foreign body until proven otherwise

62
Q

Pt with leukemia and nosebleed

A

High risk of bleeding out

63
Q

Use of smokeless tobacco products in patient

A

Suspect leukoplakia

64
Q

Erythema in oral cavity with steroid inhaler use

A

Atrophic candidiasis

65
Q

Erythema in oral cavity with denture use

A

Atrophic candidiasis

66
Q

Vesicular lesions on non-keratinized mucosa

A

Herpetiform aphthous ulcers

67
Q

Vesicular lesions on keratinized mucosa

A

Oral HSV

Keratinized mucosa = palate and gingiva

68
Q

Steeple sign

69
Q

Coryza, conjunctivitis, and cough

A

Viral pharyngitis

70
Q

Splenomegaly

71
Q

Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy

72
Q

Petechiae of palate

A

Strep pharyngitis

73
Q

Thumb sign

A

Epiglottitis

74
Q

Cleft palate

A

Don’t take adenoids out!!

75
Q

Deviated uvula

A

Peritonsillar abscess

76
Q

Trismus

A

Peritonsillar abscess

77
Q

Child who WILL NOT lay down

A

Either he’s just being a kid, or if you’re studying for an HEENT module exam, suspect a deep neck infection

78
Q

Child presenting with neck flexion

A

Suspect retropharyngeal abscess

79
Q

Child presenting with neck extension

A

Suspect epiglottitis

HEENT (4 decks)

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