climbing final

Question 1

top-rope climbing seven topics

Answer 1

harness
tying in
belay set-up
belay motions
safety checks
communication 
lowering

Question 2

Harness safety checks

Answer 2

• right side up
• all buckles double backed
• all buckles tightened so cannot pull over hips
• leg loops can only fit fingers
• belay in middle, no twists
• clips done up on back

Question 3

tying in safety checks

Answer 3

through both tie in points
less than a fist from body
five sets of parallel lines
tail 1-2 fist length, 10-20 cm long

Question 4

belay set up safety checks

Answer 4

carabiner on belay loop
squeeze check
rope and keeper wire through carabiner
break rope down

Question 5

gri-gri safety checks

Answer 5

carabiner on belay loop
squeeze check
lever on left
climber rope up, brake rope down

Question 6

belay motions

Answer 6

non dominant hand at chin , dominant hand just below device (5cm)

• punch up
• break down
• pinch below
• slide up

brake hand never leaves brake rope

Question 7

safety checks

Answer 7

self check
partner check
instructor check

Question 8

climbing communication

Answer 8

before climbing 
- on belay, climbing, climb on 
to rest
- take, gotcha 
to resume climbing 
- climbing, climb on
to lower
- take, gotcha, down

Question 9

four fundamental movements

Answer 9

balanced triangles
- stable and dynamic
precise feet
- look at hold, p[lace foot, transfer weight
glue hands
straight arms
- used on side pulls and jugs with outside edge or backstep

Question 10

what is inside edging

Answer 10

keep hips into wall. when both feet are on wall it is known as straight on or frog position. used most often on vertical terrain. downward pulling holds or gastons

Question 11

what is outside edging

Answer 11

one foot on a hold the other not
hip of the outside edging foot is against the wall. reach with the same hand as hip that is on wall. used on both vertical and overhanging terrain.

Question 12

open hand grip

Answer 12

distal joint flexed (thumb)
proximal joint flexed less than 90 (fingers)
knuckles unflexed

Question 13

open or half crimp

Answer 13

distal joint hyperextended
proximal joint flexed about 90
knuckles unflexed

Question 14

closed or full crimp

Answer 14

distal joint hyperextended
proximal flexed more than 90
knuckles flexed, thumb over index finger

Question 15

pinch grip

Answer 15

held between thumb and fingers

Question 16

hold types

Answer 16

Jug
- accommodates whole hand 
- uses open hand grip
Sloper
- often accommodates whole hand 
- slopes away from wall, hard to hold, 
- open hand grip
pinch
- uses pinch grip
edge 
- usually accommodates distal segments of fingers 
- small edge is a crimper 
- uses open or closed crimp 
pocket 
- typically has round opening 
- 1,2 or 3 fingers 
- grip style depends on size and shape
finger bucket (mini jug)
- accommodates fingers to proximal joint 
- relatively positive 
- uses open hand or open crimp grip

Question 17

Four hold orientations

Answer 17

Normal or Pure
- usually ignored in descriptions

sidepull (right hand)
gaston (across body)

undercling

Question 18

sport climbing

Answer 18

like lead climbing, but outside

Question 19

traditional climbing

Answer 19

climbing where you take resources with you, you leave no trace

Question 20

aid climbing

Answer 20

climbing with the use of aids such as trays and ladders

Question 21

free climbing

Answer 21

climbing with the use of a rope

Question 22

free soloing

Answer 22

climbing without the use of a rope

dangerous

Question 23

Alpine climbing

Answer 23

climbing in its most classic form. uses a wide range of techniques to reach summit, often crying bear minimum technical gear relying instead on deep adaptable skills and good decision making

Question 24

bouldering

Answer 24

rock climbing stripped down to its raw essentials

leaving behind ropes and harness as they are short but trick problems

Question 25

top rope climbing

Answer 25

climber is securely attached to a rope which passes through an anchor system at the top of the climb down to the belayer at the bottom

Question 26

lead climbing

Answer 26

The lead climber must have another person acting as a belayer. The belayer has multiple roles: holding the rope in the event of a fall, and paying out or taking up rope as the climber moves.
climber clips into bolts as they move up the wall

Question 27

pantomiming

Answer 27

While not on the wall (i.e., on ground, hanging on the rope), to rehearse climbing moves by moving hands and body as if one were climbing a route or boulder problem. More advanced climbers typically pantomime as part of their preparation for an ascent.

Question 28

Arete

Answer 28

An outside corner that can be blunt or sharp. A very prominent feature to climb on.

Question 29

Dihedral

Answer 29

An inside corner of a wall known also known as a corner or an “open book”

Question 30

Bouldering safety 3 steps

Answer 30

survey the problem
arrange matts
employ spotter

Question 31

Bouldering spotting

Answer 31

idea to guide climber to matt
protect head and neck
feet shoulder width apart, arms outstretched, thumbs in
aim for middle of back