Climatology

Question 1

Cooler latitudes

Answer 1

Latitudes found outside of the tropics from 23.5° to 90° North and South.

Question 2

Condensation

Answer 2

The process in which water vapour is cooled and turns into liquid water.

Question 3

Convection

Answer 3

Vertical movement of air.

Question 4

Convergence

Answer 4

The horizontal inflow of two different air masses towards a low pressure zone.

Question 5

Coriolis effect

Answer 5

A force which causes a body that moves freely with respect to the rotating Earth to veer to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the
southern hemisphere.

Question 6

Cross-section

Answer 6

A cross-section shows the shape of a feature, viewed from the side.

Question 7

Cumulonimbus

Answer 7

A dense towering vertical cloud associated with thunderstorms and atmospheric instability, forming from water vapour carried by powerful upward air currents.

Question 8

Divergence

Answer 8

Divergence occurs when air is directed away from a particular location in different directions.

Question 9

Evaporation

Answer 9

The process in which liquid water is turned into water vapour.

Question 10

Eye

Answer 10

Area of calm in the centre of a tropical cyclone

Question 11

Hurricane

Answer 11

Tropical cyclones are known by this name in the Atlantic Ocean

Question 12

Infrastructure

Answer 12

The physical structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Question 13

Insolation

Answer 13

Incoming short-wave radiation.

Question 14

Latent heat

Answer 14

(“hidden heat”) Heat energy that is released when water changes state.

Question 15

Mature stage

Answer 15

The stage of a Tropical cyclone where pressure is at about 950hPa. The cyclone has a central eye surrounded by a vortex of swirling clouds and hurricane strength winds.

Question 16

Pressure gradient

Answer 16

The force producing air flow from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure.

Question 17

Storm surge

Answer 17

The piling up of water against a coast caused by strong on-shore winds

Question 18

Typhoon

Answer 18

Tropical cyclones are known by this name in the Pacific Ocean

Question 19

Tropical easterly winds

Answer 19

Warm, moist winds that blow from the east towards the west. They originate from the Subtropical high pressure belt and flow towards the Equatorial low
pressure belt.

Question 20

Vortex

Answer 20

The area in a tropical cyclone that surrounds central eye. Dramatic uplift of moist air occurs here creating huge cumulonimbus clouds. Torrential rain and hurricane strength winds characterise the vortex.