Climate Topic 1 Flashcards
Types of Climate
1)Tropical Equatorial Climate
2)Tropical Monsoon Climate
3)Cool Temperater Climate
Describe Tropical Equatorial Climate:
- high temp
- low TempR 2-3 deg
- high AAT 23 deg
- high AP of 2000mm evenly
TempR-temp range, AAT-annual average temp, AP-annual precipitation
Describe Tropical Monsoon Climate
- high temp
- TempR 3-4 deg
- AAT 25 deg
- high AP of 1500mm (distinct wet and dry season)
TempR-temp range, AAT-annual average temp, AP-annual precipitation
Describe Cool Temperate Climate
- 4 Distinct wet and dry season
- TempR 21 deg
- AP between 300-900mm evenly
TempR-temp range, AAT-annual average temp, AP-annual precipitation
What is the difference between Tropical Equatorial Climate and Tropical Monsoon Climate?
- Tropical Equatorial Climate has high EVENLY DISTRIBUTED annual rainfall while Tropical Monsoon Climate has distinct wet and dry seasons.
TempR-temp range, AAT-annual average temp, AP-annual precipitation
What are the 4 main things to look out for in a Climograph?
HINT: Use the Acronym MATE
M: Mean monthly temperature
A: AP
T: TempR
E: Even or not even rain distribution
TempR-temp range, AAT-annual average temp, AP-annual precipitation
State the 4 types of temperature factors.
1) Latitude
2) Altitude
3) Types of Surface
4) Distance from Sea
How does Latitude effect the temperature?
as latitude increases, solar angle of the sun decreases, and thus sun rays are less concentrated over a larger area, therefore temp decreases
4 parts to the answer
How does Altitude affect temperature?
as altitude increases, air density decreases and thus air pressure will also decrease. This is due to the gravity acting on the air. There is then less air to absorb and radiate heat, temp decreases.
Define Latitude
it is the distance north and south of the equator
Define Altitude
Altitude is the height of a place above sea level.
How does Types of Surface affect temperatures?
Urban Areas: large areas of DARK surfaces, absorb and radiate heat easily + glass-covered covered skyscrapers, reflect sunlight to ground, absorption and radiation increase, temp increase
How does the Distance from Sea affect temperatures?
a) Coastal areas
* maritime effect (sea heats up and cools slower than land, |during winter sea remains warmer, warm air above sea warms coastal areas, warmer winters |during summer sea remains cooler, cold air above sea cools coastal areas, cooler summer | )
b) Inland areas
* continentality effect ( inland areas away from sea DOES NOT experience influence of sea, cooler winters and warmer summers)
What are Surface Run-Off and Groundwater flow factors?
1) Type of soil and ground surface
2) Gradient of ground surface
How does the Type of Soil and Ground Surface effect surface runoff and ground water flows?
- Soil with larger pores, greater water infiltration and groundwater flows, soil with more vegetation - vegetation loosens up soil so greater water infiltration and flow
- Smoother surface, increase speed of surface run-off (less friction) Vegetated areas reduce speed of surface runoff by increasing surface roughness
How does the Gradient of Ground Surface affect surface runoff and groundwater flows?
- As gradient increase, speed of surface runoff and groundwater flow increases as gravity acting on water is higher.
Describe how clouds are formed.
- as air rises, it cools (altitude)
- density decreases and thus reduces water vapour the air can hold
- eventually exceeds** max amount of water vapour** and water vapur condenses at dew point temp on condensation nuclei (provide space to condense)
- rain forms when tiny water droplets collide AND coalesce, droplets become bigger and fall to earth once they are big enough
