Climate Facts Flashcards
What are the GHG emissions covered by the Kyoto Protocols?
The six main greenhouse gases, which are • Carbon dioxide (CO2); • Methane (CH4); • Nitrous oxide (N2O); • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); and • Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
What is TPES?
Total primary energy supply, which is the sum of all energy production less storage changes (it can be an estimator for energy consumption but it does not account for conversion efficiency.)
In 2011, what percent of world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was spent on energy?
In 2011, about 10% of GDP, about $6 trillion was spent on energy globally.
What range was TPES in for 2013?
In 2013, total primary energy supply (TPES) was:
1.575 × 10^17 Wh (= 157.5 PWh [petawatts])
157,500 TWh (terawatts)
5.67 × 10^20 joules or
13,541 Mtoe) or
18 TW-year (From the IEA)
What are the exponential abbreviations?
Kilo = thousands 1,000s (10^3) Mega = millions 1,000,000s (10^6) Giga = billions 1,000,000,000 (10^9) Tera = trillions 1000000000000 (10^12) Peta = quadrillion (10^15)
How do you convert from Mtoe into TWh?
1 Mtoe = 11.63 TWh
How do you convert from Quad BTU into TWh?
1 Quadrillion BTU = 293.07 TWh
What percent of registered voters think global warming is happening?
70%: including 95% of liberal Democrats, 87% of moderate/conservative Democrats,and 63% of liberal/moderate Republicans. Only 38% of conservative Republicansthink global warming is happening.
What percent of registered voters think global warming is caused mostly by human activities?
More than a majority, 55%, which includes86% of liberal Democrats, 71% of moderate/ conservative Democrats,but fewer than half of liberal/moderate Republicans (46%), and only 21% of conservative Republicans.
What percent of registered voters are worried about global warming?
Six in ten registered voters (61%) are worried about global warming: including 93% of liberal Democrats (an increase of five percentage points since our March 2018 survey), 81% of moderate/conservative Democrats, and 54% of liberal/moderate Republicans. Only about one in five conservative Republicans (21%) are worried, a nine-point decrease since March 2018.
What are three different general strategies that governments can use to reduce the pollution that causes global warming and what kind of public support do they have?
- Investing in renewable energy research and infrastructure (which reduces pollution by making clean energy cheaper (87% support)
- Regulating pollution (legally require companies to limit the amount of pollution they emit; 82% support)
- Taxing pollution (require companies to pay a tax on the pollution they emit, which encourages them to reduce their emissions (72% support)
What specific policies to reduce carbon pollution and promote clean energy have been proposed and how much as they supported?
- A Revenue-Neutral Carbon Tax. Supported by 67% of registered voters.
- Fee and Dividend. Supported by 59% of registered voters.
- The Clean Power Plan. Supported by 69% of registered voters.
Describe the Revenue-Neutral Carbon Tax?
A Revenue-Neutral Carbon Tax. Described as: “Requiring fossil fuel companies to pay a carbon tax and using the money to reduce other taxes (such as income tax) by an equal amount (67% of registered voters, 85% of Democrats, 66% of Independents, and 46% of Republicans).
Describe “Fee and Dividend”?
Fee and Dividend. Described as: “Requiring fossil fuel companies to pay a fee on carbon pollution, and distributing the money collected to all U.S. citizens, in equal amounts, through monthly dividend checks”(59% of registered voters, 75% of Democrats, 58% of Independents, and 41% of Republicans).
Describe the Clean Power Plan?
Described as: “Setting strict carbon dioxide emission limits on existing coal-fired power plants to reduce global warming and improve public health, even if the cost of electricity to consumers and companies would likely increase” (69% of registered voters, 87% of Democrats, 65% of Independents, and 50% of Republicans.)
