Climate e3

Question 1

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Answer 1

Weather the is temporarily condition of the atmosphere at a certain moment and a certain place. While climate is the average weather (temperature and precipitation) measured over 30 years in a large area.

Question 2

What are climate differences due to?

Answer 2

Latitude, relief/altitude and sea’s influence

Question 3

Explain the climate differences due to latitude.

Answer 3

Temperature: the lower the latitude, the warmer. Precipitation: wet with low pressure areas and dry at high pressure areas.

Question 4

Explain the climate differences due to relief/altitude.

Answer 4

Temperature: the higher the altitude, the colder. Precipitation: with relief rainfall.

Question 5

Explain the climate differences due to sea’s influence.

Answer 5

Temperature: warm/cold ocean currents. Precipitation: sea breeze (wet) / land breeze

Question 6

What is the altitude?

Answer 6

The height of an area.

Question 7

What is the vertical line called, that divides east and west. (longitude)

Answer 7

The Prime Meridian

Question 8

Fill in: the equator has a latitude of … degrees. The North and South Pole of … degrees.

Answer 8

0, 90

Question 9

Fill in: the Prime Meridian has a longitude of … degrees. The meridians go from … degrees to … degrees.

Answer 9

0, 0-180

Question 10

What is latitude?

Answer 10

The angular distance, north or south of the equator.

Question 11

What is the angle of incidence?

Answer 11

The angle of which the sun’s rays hit the earth.

Question 12

Explain how the low latitudes get influenced by the sun rays.

Answer 12

At low latitudes a wider angle of incidence => sun ray have to warm a smaller area => more sun energy => warmer.
Sun ray travel a short distance through the atmosphere.

Question 13

Explain how the high latitudes get influenced by the sun rays.

Answer 13

Narrow angle of incidence => sun rays have to warm a larger area => less sun energy => colder.
Sun rays travel a longer distance through the atmosphere => more sunlight is blocked.

Question 14

Explain the sea’s influence in the summer.

Answer 14

• the sea is colder than the land
• a sea breeze will have a cooling effect, felt mostly near the cost
• a land breeze will not have this effect so much. It will be warmer

Question 15

Explain the sea’s influence in the winter.

Answer 15

• sea is warmer than the land
• a sea breeze will have a warming effect, felt mostly near the cost
• a land breeze will be much colder

Question 16

What way do ocean currents flow?

Answer 16

Warm ocean currents flow from the equator to the poles. Cold ocean currents flow from the poles to the equator.

Question 17

What is the difference between the short and long water cycle?

Answer 17

In the short water cycle, the precipitation goes into the sea/ocean.
In the long water cycle the clouds are blown on to the land => precipitation => groundwater and rivers bring precipitation back to the ocean.

Question 18

What are the 3 types of rainfall?

Answer 18

Relief, convectional and frontal.

Question 19

What happens with relief rainfall?

Answer 19

When the air + water vapour is forced to rise over a mountain due to a sea breeze. Air rises => cools down => condensation => precipitation

Question 20

What happens with convectional rainfall?

Answer 20

When air rises due to a lot of heat (equator) air rises => cools down => condensation => precipitation

Question 21

What happens with a frontal rainfall?

Answer 21

With a warm front - moist warm air is blown by the wind over an area with cold air => air rises => cools down => precipitation

With a cold front - when cold air collides with warm air. The warm air is pushed upwards => cools down => condensation

Question 22

Explain the enhanced Greenhouse effect.

Answer 22

People bring extra greenhouse gases into the atmosphere => this affects climate => globally temperature rises => enhanced greenhouse effect

Question 23

Fill in the right words:

Winds goes from …… to …… pressure areas.

Answer 23

Winds goes from high to low pressure areas.

high, low

Question 24

Name the climates A till E, and the characteristics.

Answer 24

A - tropical (always above 18 °C)
B - dry (less than 500 mm precipitation)
C - maritime (winter above -3 °C and mild summers)
D - continental (winters below -3°C and warm summers)
E - polar (always below 10°C) (tundra 10°C, polar 0°C)

Question 25

What means what? What comes after the A, C, D?

Answer 25

f = no dry period
s = summer dry
w = winter dry

Question 26

What means what? What comes after the B?

Answer 26

W = desert
S = steppe

Question 27

What means what? What comes after the E?

Answer 27

F = never ending snow
H = same as f, but with a mountainrange
T = tundra

Question 28

Name all of the tropical climates (A), plus the köppen.

Answer 28

Af, tropical wet climate

Aw, tropical savanna climate

Question 29

Name all of the dry climates (B), plus the köppen.

Answer 29

BW, desert climate

BS, steppe climate

Question 30

Name all of the maritime climates (C), plus the köppen.

Answer 30

Cs, Mediterranean climate
Cf, moderate maritime climate
Cw, china climate

Question 31

Name all of the continental climates (D), plus the köppen.

Answer 31

Df, continental climate

Dw, continental climate

Question 32

Name all of the polar climates (E), plus the köppen.

Answer 32

ET, tundra climate
EF, polar climate
EH, highland climate

Question 33

By what four factors are the climate in China influenced?

Answer 33

The geographical latitude, the prevailing wind direction, the mountain ranges and the influence of seas and oceans.