Climate Change: What causes it

Question 1

Lowe and Walker (2015)

Answer 1

Astronomical theory developed by Croll has received most attention

changes in earths orbit > combination results in changes
> influences the arrangement of insolation

SUB MILANKOVITCH

• Thermohaline changes
• biological activity
• monsoons (ruddiman 2005)

Question 2

Wilson (2000)

Answer 2

orbital forcing takes place ALONGSIDE internal changes (sub milankvoitch)

Question 3

Vellinga (2008)

Answer 3

THC shutdown cause the northern latitudes to cool by -1.7C
strong enough to return to pre-industrial europe
must not look at past changes, focus on current conditions

Question 4

Berger (2013)

Answer 4

Combination of changes in cycles brought us into the holocene

Question 5

Woodward (2014)

Answer 5

Quaternary is all about change 2.6million years

Great shifts from glacial to interglacial

heavily influenced by Milankovitch and other cycles

Question 6

Croll (1875)

Answer 6

first interest in orbital theories

winter insolation is most important

Question 7

Milankovitch (early 20th)

Answer 7

Eccentricity (400’000), Obliquity (41,000) and Precession (26’000)

Low summer insolation will result in less snow melt

Question 8

Anderson (1997)

Answer 8

Changes in earths climate have dramatically affected plant animal and human life - ice age

Question 9

Lowe (1994)

Answer 9

Some agreement with Ruddiman regarding the advance of ice

argues that for some ice sheets, circulation is not as important

Question 10

Macleod (2011)

Answer 10

The Younger Dryas - cold interval period between 12850 and 11650 years ago

sudden readvance of glaciers and glacial creation

Question 11

Rahmstorf (2002)

Answer 11

Larger player in the changing global climate is the circulation

can cause dramatic changes after temp changes of 5-10C

Rapid global climate changes can be understood in terms of transitions between different ocean states