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Physical geograhy: WATER AND CARBON CYCLE > Climate Change Mitigastion And Political Initiatives > Flashcards

Climate Change Mitigastion And Political Initiatives Flashcards

1
Q

between 1880-2012 what has the global avg land and surface temp inc by?

A

0.85C

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2
Q

Between 1971-2010, how much has the ocean warmed?

A

0.11C in the upper 75m

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3
Q

Since the beginning of the industrial era what has happened to the ocean?

A

Ocean uptake of CO2 has resulted in acidification of the ocean and the pH has decreased by 0.1

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4
Q

How much has the oceans acidity inc by?

A

26%

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5
Q

What species does the ocean acidification pose a threat to?

A

Phytoplankton

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6
Q

What has lost mass between 1992-2011?

A

Greenland and Antarctic sheets

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7
Q

How has climate chnage impacted permafrost?

A

permafrost temperatures have increased since the early 1980s also changing the snow cover

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8
Q

Between 1979-2012 what has happened to the annual mean Arctic sea-ice?

A

decreased from 3.5%-4.1% per decade

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9
Q

between 1901-2010 how much has the global mean sea level risen by?

A

0.19m

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10
Q

What did scientists say about the heat of 2019?

A

It is likely to be the warmest since 1850 began

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11
Q

What are the Met office’s temperature forecasts?

A

Likely to be 1C or more above pre-industrial levels

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12
Q

What year did the met office say that temperatures had exceeded pre-industrial level?

A

2015 (1C above pre-industrial levels

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13
Q

From 2019-2023 how much will the temperatures be above 1850-1900 level?

A

1.03C - 1.57C

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14
Q

What is the IPCC 1988?

A

Intergovernmental panel on climate change - scientists and experts set up to monitor + analyse climate

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15
Q

What is Kyoto. (1997) ?

A

It sets targets for developed countries to reduce ghg gas emissions and established the concept of trading carbon emmisions between member countries

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16
Q

What are the negatives of Kyoto 1997?

A

Not all developed countries joined (inc USA), some refused to make it legally enforceable

17
Q

When was the Paris agreement made? (COP21)

A

December 2015

18
Q

What is the Paris agreement?

A

195 countries adopted the first legally binding global climate agreement

19
Q

When was the Paris agreement due to be inforced?

A

2020

20
Q

What was the Paris agreements aims?

A

To limit the average global temperature to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.

21
Q

What were the benefits or the Paris agreement?

A

Strengthen the liability to adapt too, and be resilient in dealing with the impacts of climate change

22
Q

Is the paris agreement achievable?

A

The IPPC stated in their 2022 document that by 2023 the temperature will have met the Industrial Revolution temperature NO

23
Q

What are the 2 national frame works of political initiatives?

A

1) Regional commitments
2) Bilateral commitments

24
Q

What do national frameworks cover?

A

Trading blocs and agreement between 2+ countries

25
Q

What is the regional commitment?

A

28 members of the EU operate the ETS ( Emmitions trading system ) which is the biggest international system for trading greenhouse gas allocations

26
Q

What happens if the 28 countries do not confirm?

A

They are fined if they go over their caps and are incentivised to sell unused emmisions in the carbon trading market

27
Q

What is the bilateral commitment 2014?

A

USA and china signed a secretly negotiated agreement to limit their emissions

28
Q

What was chinas aim in the bilateral commitment?

A

China agreed to cap its emmisions by 2023

29
Q

What has the USA’s aim in †he bilateral commitment?

A

Reduce their emissions by 27% by 2025 on the 2005 emissions levels

30
Q

What does COP28 mark?

A

COP28, will be the 28th United Nations Climate Change conference, held from November 30th - December 12th, 2023, Dubai.

31
Q

What was stressed to countries when in Katowice?

A

The urgency to enhance ambitions in order to ensure the highest possible adaptation and mitigation efforts by all the parties

32
Q

Why was COP24 a long and difficult negotiation?

A

USA and Saudi pushed back against the scientific findings

33
Q

What did countries eventually agree on in COP24?

A

The Katowice Climate Package agreed on a set of guidelines for implementing the landmark 2015 Paris Agreement

34
Q

Why was COP24 significant to the Paris Agreement?

A

It was a major step forward for operating the Paris Agreement

35
Q

What does COP 24 mark

A

3rd anniversary of the Paris Agreement held in Katowice, Poland 2018

Physical geograhy: WATER AND CARBON CYCLE (9 decks)

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