Climate Change Mitigastion And Political Initiatives Flashcards
between 1880-2012 what has the global avg land and surface temp inc by?
0.85C
Between 1971-2010, how much has the ocean warmed?
0.11C in the upper 75m
Since the beginning of the industrial era what has happened to the ocean?
Ocean uptake of CO2 has resulted in acidification of the ocean and the pH has decreased by 0.1
How much has the oceans acidity inc by?
26%
What species does the ocean acidification pose a threat to?
Phytoplankton
What has lost mass between 1992-2011?
Greenland and Antarctic sheets
How has climate chnage impacted permafrost?
permafrost temperatures have increased since the early 1980s also changing the snow cover
Between 1979-2012 what has happened to the annual mean Arctic sea-ice?
decreased from 3.5%-4.1% per decade
between 1901-2010 how much has the global mean sea level risen by?
0.19m
What did scientists say about the heat of 2019?
It is likely to be the warmest since 1850 began
What are the Met office’s temperature forecasts?
Likely to be 1C or more above pre-industrial levels
What year did the met office say that temperatures had exceeded pre-industrial level?
2015 (1C above pre-industrial levels
From 2019-2023 how much will the temperatures be above 1850-1900 level?
1.03C - 1.57C
What is the IPCC 1988?
Intergovernmental panel on climate change - scientists and experts set up to monitor + analyse climate
What is Kyoto. (1997) ?
It sets targets for developed countries to reduce ghg gas emissions and established the concept of trading carbon emmisions between member countries
What are the negatives of Kyoto 1997?
Not all developed countries joined (inc USA), some refused to make it legally enforceable
When was the Paris agreement made? (COP21)
December 2015
What is the Paris agreement?
195 countries adopted the first legally binding global climate agreement
When was the Paris agreement due to be inforced?
2020
What was the Paris agreements aims?
To limit the average global temperature to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.
What were the benefits or the Paris agreement?
Strengthen the liability to adapt too, and be resilient in dealing with the impacts of climate change
Is the paris agreement achievable?
The IPPC stated in their 2022 document that by 2023 the temperature will have met the Industrial Revolution temperature NO
What are the 2 national frame works of political initiatives?
1) Regional commitments
2) Bilateral commitments
What do national frameworks cover?
Trading blocs and agreement between 2+ countries
What is the regional commitment?
28 members of the EU operate the ETS ( Emmitions trading system ) which is the biggest international system for trading greenhouse gas allocations
What happens if the 28 countries do not confirm?
They are fined if they go over their caps and are incentivised to sell unused emmisions in the carbon trading market
What is the bilateral commitment 2014?
USA and china signed a secretly negotiated agreement to limit their emissions
What was chinas aim in the bilateral commitment?
China agreed to cap its emmisions by 2023
What has the USA’s aim in †he bilateral commitment?
Reduce their emissions by 27% by 2025 on the 2005 emissions levels
What does COP28 mark?
COP28, will be the 28th United Nations Climate Change conference, held from November 30th - December 12th, 2023, Dubai.
What was stressed to countries when in Katowice?
The urgency to enhance ambitions in order to ensure the highest possible adaptation and mitigation efforts by all the parties
Why was COP24 a long and difficult negotiation?
USA and Saudi pushed back against the scientific findings
What did countries eventually agree on in COP24?
The Katowice Climate Package agreed on a set of guidelines for implementing the landmark 2015 Paris Agreement
Why was COP24 significant to the Paris Agreement?
It was a major step forward for operating the Paris Agreement
What does COP 24 mark
3rd anniversary of the Paris Agreement held in Katowice, Poland 2018
