Climate Change - Effects on Agriculture Flashcards
What does FAO say on cultivated areas affected?
Climate changes with only 3.5% safe from envrionmental limitations.
Examples of crop yield change depending on geographic location?
Northern Europe with cooler temperatures has lower crop development.
Southern Europe means extream temperatures and low rainfall are limiting.
Example of crops being affected differently?
Wheat has 6% reduction in crop yield per degree decrease in temperature.
What causes dorught and temperature susceptibility?
RUBISCO enzyme disruption at temperatures above 35C.
How does combined effect of drought and temperature affect plants?
Decrease in function of Photosystem II
Inflorescence
This is the shape of the flower and their organization into branching systems.
Example of crop reproductive phases being altered?
In cereals, flower intiation and infloresence is affected by water stress.
When does sterility occur in cereals?
30C temperatures.
How do water deficits in wheat affect wheat/rice in meisois?
35-75% decrease in grain set.
What is plant response variable in among species?
Gene expression, metabolism, physiology and among cells/tissues.
What does drought conditions with elevated CO2 caue?
ROS formation and crop stress due to CO2 clogging in stomata with excess oxygen.
How does ROS negativel affect plants?
Plant development photosynthesis and respiration and inhibition of macromolecules.
WOsmo-protectants
These are small organic molecules with neutral charge and low toxicity at high concentrations acting as osmolytes
Importance of ROS in plants?
Cruical secondary signals in metaoblism, but promopt apoptosis at high levels.
Metabolomic
This is the systematic study of all chemical processes concerning metabolites.
Turgor Pressure
This is the force within cells pushing the plasma membrane against the cell wall.