Climate change and plants Flashcards
describe c3 photosynthesis
co2 first turned into 3 carbon compound
adaptive value: more efficient that C4 and CAM under cool moist conditions and normal light
MOST PLANTS ARE C3
describe c4 photosynthesis
stomata open during day
Adaptive value
photosynthesizes faster than C3 plants under high light intensity and temperatures
better water - use efficiency because PEP carboxlayse brings in CO2 faster
many annual summer plants
describe CAM photosysnthesis
CO2 stored in acid form - cactus species and such
-better water-use efficiency than C3 plants under arid conditions due to opening stomata at night, when transpiration lower
can become CAM idle
may be cactuses, agaves and also orchids
why is c3 pathway more common?
c4 plants use energy regenarating PEP from pyruvte.. C4 photosynthesis is energectically less efficient than C3 photosynthesis
ability of c4 plants to concentrate co2 is diminished at high levels f co2
how did bromos erectus respond to increased CO2 levels
different CO2 response react differently to levels of biomass produces. Uk Uk and france genotype increase but spain decrease in biomass. NO GENERAL RESPONSE
How may the Cyclamen flower be affected by climate change?
flower occupying meditteranean region, high diversity in Greece/turkey area - needing dry summers and wet winters.
Limited dispersal
Using bioclime model - Cylamen africanam will loose 99% of range. Many species will go extinct
what effect will climate change have on the Arctic tundra?
boreal forest expanding their range, into the Arctic tundra.
cause increase Arctic warming by 1 - 2 degrees by late 21st century as alters albedo effect - less snow, more trees
Science News releases (2012)
Also tropical rainforests may increase
What effect may invasive species have from climate change?
Species whose distribution changes as a direct result may invade ranges of other species
discuss findings of grime et al. 2008
climate shifts over this century widely expected to alter structure and functioning of temperate plant communities
what did woodward 1987 say about ice cores?
CO2 levels in ice cores has shown an increase in CO2 over the past 200 years, over which plants have shown significant change in stomatal density - anatomic response of considerable importance. 40% decrease in stomatal density of stomata observed in Habarium specimens
what did Yesson and Culham 2006 say about plant distribution?
impact of global change on plant distribution speciation and extinction is of current concern.
cyclamen will show northward shift in climatic suitability - dispersal best chance of survival, not likely though as dispersed by ants!
