Climate change adaptation in Pakistan Flashcards
Give examples of slow onset climate changes
- Sea level rise
- Salinity
- Droughts
- Desertification
Give examples of impacts of slow onset/endegenous climate changes
- Gradual loss in agricultural productivity or ES services
- Shifts in cropping/ species zones
- Increased (crop) water requirement/ demand
Give examples of fast onset climate changes
- Heavy rain
- Temperature anomalies (heat waves)
- Flash floods
- Hail storm/ hurricane
Give examples of impacts of fast/exogenous onset climate changes
- Reduce sudden access to livelihood resources
- Crop failure
- Damages to life and property
- Infrastructure damages
The agriculture sector in Pakistan- key characteristics and underlying source of vulnerability
Agriculture contributes to the economy…
Employing 42.3% of the labour force
Contributes to 60% of foreign exchange earnings in Pakistan
Accounts for 21% of the GDP that measured $232.3 billion
Indus basin covers more than 65% of the territory but one-third is arable.
What percentage of the population does the Indus plains support?
75% of the population of Pakistan in food livelihoods and employment.
Of the 200+ million total population, how many live in rural areas?
61%
61% of the total working age population of pakistan live in rural areas, having high rates of unemployment
Where does Pakistan place in “most vulnerable countries to climate change”?
Pakistan is the 7th most vulnerable country to climate change.
Around 143 climate extreme events were reported during 1995 and 2014, an average of 5 events per year.
Impact of the 2010 flood
$10 billion
In 2010 flood, the scale of damage, inundation and people affected was greater than the combined effects of the Asian Tsunami, Kashmir and Haiti’s Earthquake.
What was the rise in temperature between 1901 and 2000?
0.57°C rise in temperature.
The mean annual temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 3.7 ̊C by the 2060s, & 1.9
to 6.0 ̊C by the 2090s.
Why are more frequent and intense occurrences of floods and droughts expected?
The inter-annual and intra- annual variability of river flows will increase.
Key weather variables included in analysis:
Cumulative rainfall over the monsoon period (June- September),
Average temperature over the Rabi season (November- April) when wheat is grown.
A measure of flood intensity (the annual number of deaths caused by flooding).
and a 12-month moisture index: the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
Which weather patterns explain the long-term mobility patterns of men and women in Pakistan?
Heat stress (during the winter - wheat growing season) is most strongly associated with migration, not high rainfall, flooding, or moisture.
Heat waves in Pakistan particular effect…
- Human Capital
- Flooding due to Snow/Ice melt
- Glacial Lake Outburst Floods
- Crop failure
Define resilience
Resilience is understood to be the ‘ability to anticipate, avoid, plan for, cope with, recover from and adapt to (climate related) shocks and stresses’
