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Geography Year 8 > Climate Change > Flashcards

Climate Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Global temperature changes and Carbon dioxide emmisions, give evidence:

A

Both temperatures and CO2 concentration correlate between eachother because both of them react to eachother. The temperature and CO2 concentration are consistent with eachother but it gets warmer/ steady increase from the 1900 to 2000 so therefore there is a corralation

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2
Q

What do tree rings show?

A

Each ring shows a year of growth. Changes in shape and size of tree rings can show conditions during that year

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3
Q

How do you determine the conditions of the weather during that year with tree rings?

A

Warmer and wetter weather can show greater growth as the tree ring is bigger, cooler or drier
weather can mean rings are thinner.

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4
Q

What do ice cores contain?

A

The ice contains bubbles of the air from each year.

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5
Q

What can scientists do with ice cores?

A

Scientists analyse the bubbles in each layer to see how much CO2 they contain.

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6
Q

What can scientists learn with ice cores

A

Scientists can also learn about the temperatures for each year by measuring relative
amounts of different types of oxygen atoms in the water.

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7
Q

What are historical sources?

A

Old photos, drawings, written records, diaries and the records of dates at regular intervals

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8
Q

What happened from 1550 - 1850 in the UK

A

The little ice age

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9
Q

Evidence for climate change:

A

-Declining Arctic sea ice Both the extent and thickness of
Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades

-Argentina’s Upsala Glacier was once the biggest in South America, but it is now disappearing at a
rate of 200 metres per year.

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10
Q

Natural greenhouse effect:

A

Energy is received as incoming solar Radiation (light) from the sun. Dark surfaces on the Earth
absorb this solar radiation and then radiate it back as heat. One of the most vital roles of the carbon cycle is the release of carbon dioxide (COz), and other gases such as methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. These, together with nitrous oxide, halocarbons, ozone and water vapour
are all known as greenhouse gases. They absorb and reflect back some of the radiated
heat from the Earth’s surface. By retaining this heat, they keep the Earth’s surface 16°C
warmer than it would otherwise be - warm enough to sustain life on Earth.

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11
Q

Whats the difference between the natural greenhouse effect and the enhanced greehouse effect?

A

In the natural one more heat escapes back into space when the sun emmits radiation onto earth (keeping the earth above 16 degrees) and in the enhanced one less heat escapes back into space consequently making the earth warmer then it is meant to be

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12
Q

Current evidence of climate change for : weather is getting more extreme

A
  • Warming up
  • Extreme weather
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13
Q

Current evidence of climate change for: ice melting

A

-glacial retreat
-glacial change
-declining arctic sea ice

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14
Q

Current evidence of climate change for: ecosystems under threat

A

-vanishing islands
-death of species

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15
Q

What human activities that contribute to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

A

-burning of fossil fuels
-factories /industries
-cattle ranching

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16
Q

What does cattle ranching produce?

A

Methane

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17
Q

What makes the ozone layer thicker?

A

Fossil fuels being burnt so when it gets thicker the suns radiation that it gives to the earth gets trapped

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18
Q

How are humans affecting the carbon cycle?

A

The atmosphere is now filling up with carbon quicker ​than the oceans and plants can absorb it. And humans are cutting down trees and plants meaning they can’t absorb the carbon.

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19
Q

Name two things that absorb carbon?

A

The ocean and plants

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20
Q

What are the top 3 greenhouse gases emmiters?

A

China, America, India

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21
Q

How does deforestation link to Climate Change?

A

Release of greenhouse gas emissions: Forests are the largest terrestrial store of carbon, but
deforestation is the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions after fossil fuel burning,
causing 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

22
Q

What industries are mostly to blame for climate change?

A

The coal/ fossil fuels industry | agriculture - 11% of greenhouse gas emmisions | fashion

23
Q

How will the UK be impacted by climate change? Social

A
  • Home insurance costs in flood prone areas will rise.
  • Inland flood defences will have to be built at considerable cost.
  • The government estimates that 27-59 million people could be living in areas affected by
    water supply deficits by the 2050. Nationwide hosepipe bans in the summer.
24
Q

How will the UK be impacted by climate change? Economic

A

-More heat-related deaths like the 700,000 died across Europe in 2003. This might occur
in the UK

-Some coastlines, such as Holderness, could erode more easily due to higher sea levels
which could see 75,000 homes lost to the sea.

-Greater risk of forest fires in the summer.

25
Q

How will the UK be impacted by climate change? Environmental

A
  • Global weather patterns will change and will deliver more unpredictable/extreme weather
    to the UK
  • Droughts, already a problem in the south during the summers, are likely to become
    more severe.
  • In the south, without irrigation, some areas might become too dry to grow existing crops.
26
Q

How will the maldives be impacted? Social

A
  • less freshwater available
  • loss of tourism
  • disrupted fishing industry
  • if the main airport is affected the country will be cut off from international tourists
27
Q

How will the maldives be affected? Economic

A
  • The Maldivian government may be forced to invest in desalination plants – although very
    expensive.
    -Coastal flooding may damage fish processing
    plants, reducing the fish exports and country’s
    income.
    -The Maldivian government has had to borrow
    $60 million from the Japanese Government to
    build a 3m high wall that protects the Island of
    Malé, the Capital City.
28
Q

How will the maldives be affected? Environmental

A
  • coral bleaching
  • loss of soil
  • erosion of beaches and land
    -underground supplies are polluted with salt water as sea rises
29
Q

How much times is london’s ecological footprint greater than its geographical area?

A

125 times greater

30
Q

How big is london?

A

250miles^2

31
Q

Where was BedZED made?

A

In beddington, croydon, greater london

32
Q

What is a carbon footprint?

A

is the amount of carbon dioxide given off by a city through its transport, housing, energy,
waste and industry

33
Q

How much less energy do BedZED homes use?

A

81% less energy

34
Q

How much less electricity do BedZED homes produce?

A

45% less eletricity

35
Q

How much insulation do BedZED homes have?

A

300mm

36
Q

What face are the buildings of BedZED?

A

South

37
Q

What is the name of the small plants that grow ontop of the BedZED homes that collect rain water?

A

Sedum

38
Q

How many apartments and homes has BedZED made in croydon?

A

94

39
Q

What makes london an unstainable city?

A

Large carbon footprint, its ecological footprint is 125 times larger than its geographical footprint

40
Q

What are three examples of renewable energy sources?

A

Solar energy, wind energy, hydro- electric energy

41
Q

Cons of renewables:

A

-Many local residents find wind turbines / farms spoil the view of the landscape
-HEP will be very unpopular with environmentalists as the river habitat will be lost and the forest too.
-Large solar farms can take up land that could be used for growing crops, although the land can often be used for grazing

42
Q

Pros of renewables

A

-The construction of HEP power plants can mean the building of dams and reservoirs. This can help with conserving water supplies

-HEP is a reliable and consistent source of energy with very few fluctuations in the amount produced

-It does not pollute or emit greenhouse gases

43
Q

Disadvantages of tidal energy:

A

-Tidal power plants needs to be constructed close to land. This is also an area where technological solutions are being worked on.

-Tidal barrages relies on manipulation on ocean levels and therefore potentially have the environmental effects on the environment similar to those of hydroelectric dams.

44
Q

Advantages of tidal energy:

A

-Tidal Energy is a renewable energy source.
-High and low tide develop with well-known cycles, making it easier to construct the system with right dimensions, since we already know what kind of powers the equipment will be exposed to.

45
Q

Negative impacts in swansea and the economy:

A

It would cost double the amount the video says it costed €660,000,000 but another source says it was 1.3b

46
Q

What is the evidence that the global climate is changing?

A

The retreating of glaciers

47
Q

How is BEDZED sustainable?

A
  • Buildings are south facing with large, triple glazed windows to maximise solar gain and
    warmth and reduce the amount of heating needed.
  • Roofs are fitted with sedum (small plants) to collect rain water and be used for grey water
    harvesting (used to flush toilets, water plants etc.) They also have a ventilation system to
    keep homes cool in summer, this is a large colour vent on the roof.
48
Q

What are the costs and benefits of renewable energy sources?

A

Renewables save money.
Renewable energy has numerous environmenta benefits.
Renewables lower reliance on foreign energy sources.

49
Q

Examples of renewable energy sources:

A

Renewable resources include:
solar energy, wind, the heat of the earth (geothermal), plant materials (biomass), waves, ocean currents, temperature differences in the oceans and the energy of the tides.

50
Q

How does tidal energy work?

A

In a similar way to wind turbines but instead of relying on wind to move the turbine and
create kinetic energy, it relies on tides on the sea.

51
Q

Good changes to climate change - London

A

Able to grow peaches and oranges, attraction of new fish, more of a ‘holiday’ climate, higher crop fields and some inhabitable places may become more habitable

Geography Year 8 (4 decks)

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