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Climate And Weather Flashcards

1
Q

Backing

A

Change in wind direction due to clockwise movement of air

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2
Q

Veering

A

Anticlockwise movement of air

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3
Q

Jet stream

A

A band of vert strong westerly winds high in the atmosphere, which partly controls the development of mid-latitude cyclone

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4
Q

Polar front

A

Zone separating the cold polar Easterling and warm tropical westerlies

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5
Q

Warm sector

A

The warm air behind the warm front of a mid-latitude cyclone

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6
Q

Warm front

A

Leading edge of a warm air mass

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7
Q

Warm front occlusion

A

An occlusion where the overtaking cold air is warmer than the cold air ahead of it

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8
Q

Cold front

A

The leading edge of a cold air mass of a mid-latitude cyclone

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9
Q

Cold front occlusion

A

An occlusion where overtaking cold air is colder than the cold air ahead of it

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10
Q

Cold sector

A

The mass of colder air behind the cold of a mid-latitude cyclone

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11
Q

Front

A

Boundary separating two air masses with different densities

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12
Q

ITCZ

A

Inter- Tropical Convergence Zone
An area where tropical easterlies converge

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13
Q

Cyclogenesis

A

The development and strengthen of a mid-latitude and tropical cyclone

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14
Q

Adiabatic heating

A

Heating, which occurs when air is compressed

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15
Q

Coriolis force

A

A force by the rotation of the earth which deflects winds

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16
Q

Dissipate

A

Is to break up or disappear or weakening

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17
Q

Eye

A

The calm, clear, cloudless, no rain and no winds

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18
Q

Eyewall

A

The walls of cumulonimbus clouds which surround the eye of a tropical cyclone

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19
Q

Latent heat

A

Heat released from the earth

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20
Q

Landfall

A

Arrival of a tropical cyclone over the coast

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21
Q

Storm surge

A

Abnormal rise of water along the coast that pushed towards the shore by the force of the wind swirling around the strom

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22
Q

Vortex

A

A mass of spinning air that attracts more air to its centre

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23
Q

Water spout

A

It is a weak tornado that forms at sea in association with the clouds of a tropical cyclone

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24
Q

Microclimate

A

Climate of a small area that is different to the climate of its surroundings

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25
Anticyclone
High pressure of stable subsiding air
26
Berg wind
Winds that blow down the escarpment from the plateau to the coast bringing hot dry weather
27
Inversion layer
Layer of air where temperature increases with increase in altitude
28
Moisture front
A boundary over the interior where warm moist air blowing from the South Indian anticyclone meets cool dry air from the South Atlantic anticyclone
29
Ridge
High pressure cell that forms when South Atlantic anticyclone sometimes extends behind a passing cold front in winter or around the SA in summer
30
Thermal/Heat low
Low pressure that develops over the interior of SA in summer
31
Trough
Occurs between two low pressure cells
32
Subsiding air
Is sinking air
33
Anabatic wind
Wind which blows up the valley during the day due to rising of warm air
34
Downslope wind
Winds, which blows down the sides of a valley during the night
35
Frost pocket
Cold air reaching due point temperature below freezing point in winter during clear calm nights
36
Katabatic wind
Wind that blows down slope during the night due to cold subsiding air
37
Radiation fog
Fog that forms at night under clear, calm conditions caused by condensation in air that has cooled to dew point temperature as a result of the loss of heat though terrestrial radiation
38
Shadow zone
Part of the valley or slope that does not receive any sunlight
39
Slope aspect
Refers to the direction to which a slope faces
40
Temperature inversion
An increase of temperature with altitude
41
Thermal belt
Warm layer of air midway up a valley with cold air below as a result of temperature inversion
42
Upslope wind
Wind which blows up the sides of a valley during the day
43
Acid rain
A form of precipitation that is acidic due to water droplets dissolving gaseous pollution molecules
44
Albedo
The amount of incoming solar radiation(insolation) that is reflected by the Earth's surface
45
Condensation nuclei
Particles of dust, smoke or salt that water vapour sticks to and on which it condenses and it also called hygroscopic nuclei
46
Hygroscopic nuclei
Small solid particles in the atmosphere on which water vapour condenses to form tiny water droplets, these water droplets merge to form rain drops which result in cloud formation
47
Isotherms
A line on a map connecting points of equal temperature
48
Isobars
Connects points of equal pressure
49
Isohyets
Connects places of the same rainfall
50
Contour lines
Connects places of the same height
51
Plume
Smoke, dust, fire, or water is a large quantity of it that rises into the air in column
52
Pollutants
Dome-shaped concentration of polluted air above the centre of a city or industrial area
53
Pollution dome
A mass of polluted air temporarily trapped over a city or industrial area
54
Smog
A thick, ground level fog caused when water droplets become polluted with chemicals and gasses found in the atmosphere due to pollution
55
Urban climate
Climatic conditions specific to large urban areas
56
Urban heat island
Temperature over the city is warmer than that of the surrounding rural area
57
Climate change
Long term changes to the global climate, resulting in unusual and extreme weather condition
58
Ferrel cell(Mid-latitude)
Air circulation which occurs between 60 and 30 N&S found between the Hadley and Polar cell
59
Global warming
The earth experiencing higher temperatures than normal
60
Hadley cell(Tropical)
Air circulation which occurs between 0 and 30 N&S. Forms as a result of high temperatures at the equator, forcing air to rise
61
Polar cell
Air circulation which occurs between 60 and 90 N&S. As a result of low temperatures causing air to sink
62

Geography (5 decks)

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